Historical Interpretations

‘It was not a ‘weakness of will’ that was the undoing of the last tsar but, on the contrary, _ ______ _____________ to rule from the throne _______ ___ ____ ____ __ _______ ______ ___ _________ __________ to do so.’

• _______ _____

‘It was not a ‘weakness of will’ that was the undoing of the last tsar but, on the contrary, a wilful determination to rule from the throne despite the fact that he clearly lacked the necessary qualities to do so.’

• Orlando Figes

‘The 1905 revolution had _________ ___ ________ _______ __ ____ ______ ______ ___ ____

• _______ ______

‘The 1905 revolution had destroyed the people’s loyalty to their “little father” the tsar.’

• Stephen Smith

‘Although the regime succeeded in restoring order, it could not hope to put the clock back, ____ _______ _______ ___ ____.’

• _______ _____

‘Although the regime succeeded in restoring order, it could not hope to put the clock back, 1905 changed society for good.’

• Orlando Figes

‘The regime [used] the Manifesto as a _________ concession... it had ______ ________ __ ______ __ ___ ___ __________ ____ once the danger had passed…

• _______ _____

‘The regime [used] the Manifesto as a temporary concession... it had always intended to return to its old autocratic ways once the danger had passed…

• Orlando Figes

‘Since there seemed to be no way of peacefully reconciling the divergent interests of Russia’s 150 million inhabitants, ________ __________ ___ _ _________ ____________

• _______ _____

‘Since there seemed to be no way of peacefully reconciling the divergent interests of Russia’s 150 million inhabitants, another revolution was a distinct possibility.’

• Richard Pipes

‘The _____________ … ___ ___ __ _________ _____ ___ __________. It was the _________ __ ___ ______ __________… that brought about the fall of the Romanov dynasty.’

• _______ _____

‘The demonstration … did not in themselves cause the Revolution. It was the defection of the tsar’s supporters … that brought about the fall of the Romanov dynasty.’

• Michael Lynch

‘The Bolsheviks concealed their long-term aims and picked up the immediate aims of the popular movement - peace, bread, land and all power to the Soviets… ___ _____ _______ __ ___ ______. __ ___ ___ ____ ___ ______

• _________ ____

‘The Bolsheviks concealed their long-term aims and picked up the immediate aims of the popular movement - peace, bread, land and all power to the Soviets… The Party adapted to the masses. It did not lead the masses.’

• Christopher Read

‘The tsarist regime’s ________ ___ ___ __________ ___ ___ ___ __________ _____ __ __

• _______ _____

‘The tsarist regime’s downfall was not inevitable; but its own stupidity made it so.’

• Orlando Figes

‘[The February Revolution] was caused by the ___________ _______ __ ___ ___________ ___________ _______

• ____ _____

‘[The February Revolution] was caused by the spontaneous upsurge of the politically radicalised masses.’

• Alan Wood

‘October was a _______ ____ ______..rather than a popular revolution, and the Bolsheviks’ victory was attributed not to their popular support but to their ________ _____________ ___ _______ ____________

• ______ _____

‘October was a classic coup d’état...rather than a popular revolution, and the Bolsheviks’ victory was attributed not to their popular support but to their superior organisation and greater ruthlessness.’

• Richard Pipes