agricultural origins and diffusions

hearth 10,000-12,000 years ago

hearth 10,000-12,000 years ago

southwest asia (fertile crescent)

diffused crops 10,000-12,000 years ago

barley, wheat, lentils, olives

diffusion pattern 10,000-12,000 years ago

to north africa, southern europe, and central asia through relocation diffusion

hearth 10,000 years ago

southeast asia

diffused crops 10,000 years ago

mangos, taro, coconuts

diffusion pattern 10,000 years ago

southeast asia through relocation and stimulus diffusion

hearth 9,500-7,500 years ago

south asia (indus river valley)

diffused crops 9,500-7,500 years ago

barley, cotton, wheat, peas

diffusion pattern 9,500-7,500 years ago

indian subcontinent and southwest asia

hearth 9,500 years ago

east asia

diffused crops 9,500 years ago

rice, soybeans, walnuts

diffusion pattern 9,500 years ago

north central asia and korean peninsula

hearth 7,000 years ago

sub-saharan africa

diffused crops 7,000 years ago

yams, sorghum, cowpeas, coffee, african rice

diffusion pattern 7,000 years ago

western africa, north africa

hearth 5,500 years ago

mesoamerica

diffused crops 5,500 years ago

squash, peppers, maize, potato, cassava

diffusion pattern 5,500 years ago

north and south america

crops exchanged from west to east in columbian exchange

potatoes, chocolate, cassava, peppers, squash, tomatoes, corn, beans, peanuts, pumpkins, tobacco, turkeys

crops exchanged from east to west in columbian exchange

bananas, onions, olives, rice, sugarcane, wheat, cattle, goats, horses, pigs

diseases exchanged from east to west in columbian exchange

smallpox, malaria, measles

first agricultural hearths

mesoamerica, sub-saharan africa, fertile crescent, indus river valley, yangtze river valley, southeast asia