The New Republic Test Review

George Washington

\# Significant Individual First President of the United States (1789-1797)

Civic Virtue

the belief and duty of giving back to and serving of one's country for the betterment of it

Precedent

traditions established by Washington as the first President that would shape the future of the United States

Presidential Cabinet

a group of advisors to the president-Secretary of State, War, Treasury, Attorney General

Results of Hamilton's Economic Plan

\#a plan to pay all the debts to foreign countries and American citizens due to the costs of the American Revolution.

\#Included assuming national and state debt

\#the chartering of a National Bank

\#tax on whiskey

Neutrality

to remain neutral or not take sides

Proclamation of Neutrality

\#Important Fact In 1793 Washington prohibited American citizens from fighting in the war between Britain and France and barred French and British warships from American ports. America would remain neutral in the war

Whiskey Rebellion

Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay an excise tax on whiskey imposed by the U.S. government under Hamilton's Economic Plan. Protests lead to rioting and the U.S. military came in to stop the rebellion showing the power of the government. \#Showed the Federal government's power.

Results of Washington's Farewell Address

\#Result-As a precedent, in 1796 Washington left office

\#warning against political parties

\#remaining neutral in foreign affairs #setting the precedent for two terms in office

\#warning against foreign alliances that would pull the U.S. into war

John Adams

Second president of the United States that served from 1796 to 1800 who was a Federalist

Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien Act-Allowed the President to expel any foreigner whom he thought dangerous to the country while immigrants had to wait 14 years to become United States citizens instead of 5 years. Sedition Act-citizens could be jailed for fined or speaking out against the government.

XYZ Affair

As a result of the seizing of American ships John Adams sent diplomats to negotiate with France. The 3 French agents (known as X,Y.Z) attempted to bribe the Americans. "Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute!" became an American rallying cry.

Judiciary Act of 1789

established the federal court system made up of district and circuit court systems in the U.S. John Jay served as the first Chief Supreme court justice.

Result of Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

\#Result-Stated that that the Alien and Sedition Acts went against individual rights and state's rights.

Thomas Jefferson

Democratic Republican President who served as the third American President from 1801 to 1809

Result of Louisiana Purchase 1803

\#Result-Doubled the size of the U.S. and included the port of New Orleans.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

\#Result of the Louisiana Purchase-In 1804 to 1806 Merriweather Lewis and Captain William Clark led the Corps of Discovery on a scientific expedition to the newly acquired Louisiana Territory. The result was the discovery of new plant and animal life and the mapping of the new lands of the U.S.

Laissez Faire

to "leave alone" or take a hands off approach of affairs

Embargo Act of 1807

Faced with the threat of war with Britain Thomas Jefferson refused to trade with France or Great Britain in order to avoid war and protect American ships at sea. The result crippled the American economy.

Blockade

To block ships from entering a port

Nullify

To void or cancel

James Madison

The fourth Virginian President of the New Republic from 1808 to 1816

War Hawks

Members of Congress who supported War led by Henry Clay

Impressment

The taking of American crew members from ships and forcing them into the British military

War of 1812

Known as "Mr. Madison's War" and "The Forgotten War" this second war with Britain lead to American Nationalism although there was no land gained as a result

Causes of the War of 1812

Impressment of American sailors, trade issues related to the Embargo Act and conflict with American Indians in the western part of the U.S.

Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson's decisive victory versus the British after the Treaty of Ghent declared the war was over

Francis Scott Key/Star Spangled Banner

Written by Francis Scott Key during the siege of Ft. McHenry aboard a British prison ship negotiating the release of American soldiers it became the words to our National Anthem

James Monroe

The last President of the New Republic from 1817 to 1825

Era of Good Feelings

The era after the War of 1812 in which American emerged as a world nation, one political party, growth and prosperity-National road system, Erie Canal.

Nationalism

A strong sense of pride and belief in country

Monroe Doctrine

\#Important Document!!

The agreement that Europe would stay out of the Western Hemisphere and the U.S. would stay out of the affairs of Europe in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the United States Treasury

National Debt

A nation's debt owed to other nations or its own citizens from borrowing money

Bank of the U.S.

The first bank of the U.S. set up to stabilize the economy and handle the finances of the new government

Adam Smith

Scottish economist who developed the economic theory of capitalism in which the desire for wealth would drive the economy

Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith's writing on the economic system of Capitalism

Free Enterprise or Free Market System

Economic theory in which there is free exchange of goods and services and businesses are privately owned with little government involvement.

Capitalism

Economic system of free trade in which prices are determined by competition and not the government. Also known as a free enterprise or market system.

Agrarian

Favored the interests of agriculture and made of the likes of farmers

Political Platform

What a political party stands for or its beliefs

John Marshall

\#Significant Individual-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835 who made key court decisions that shaped the Supreme Court in its early stages and led to more power in the Judicial branch

Result of Marbury vs. Madison

\#Result-Landmark court ruling which established the principle of JUDICIAL REVIEW!

Result of Gibbons vs. Ogden

\#Result-Landmark court ruling related to steamboat operators that asserted Federal control over the states as related to the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAD MORE POWER THAN THE STATES.

Result of MuCulloch vs. Maryland

\#Result-Court cased based on the Baltimore branch of the U.S. Bank refusing to pay a state tax to Maryland. This case proved that Federal power of the Constitution's necessary and proper clause allowing the U.S. Bank to exist had more power than the states and did not have to pay the state tax. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAD MORE POWER THAN THE STATES.

Tecumseh

A powerful Shawnee chief, built a confederacy among Native American nations in the
Northwest; he believed that a strong alliance – with the backing of the British in Canada –

could halt white movement into Native American lands

Andrew Jackson

Hero at the Battle of New Orleans

Dolly Madison

Wife of President James Madison who, as the invading British army neared Washington
DC, in Washington DC in 1814 during the War of 1812, she ordered the Lansdowne

portrait of George Washington to be removed

Burning of Washington DC

August 24, 1814; the Capitol building and the President’s mansion were put on fire and

burned by the British who marched into the city

Treaty of Ghent

American and British representatives signed a peace agreement in December 1814 in
Ghent, Belgium; the Treaty of Ghent did not change any existing borders; and nothing was

mentioned about the impressment of sailors

Interference with American shipping

The British decided to set up a partial blockade – only allow some American ships to bring supplies to Europe This blockade angered France, which enacted its own laws to control foreign shipping Put American merchants in a difficult position – if they obeyed British rules, their ships could be seized by the French and if they obeyed French rules, their ships could be seized by the british.

British support of Native American resistance

Many settlers believed that the British were stirring up Native American resistance to frontier settlements Native Americans continued to lose their land to the white settlers in Ohio and Indiana Tecumseh, a Shawnee Chief, vowed to stop the loss of Native American land – Native Americans need to unite After the Native Americans lost the Battle of Tippecanoe, many Native Americans found a warm welcome in Canada from the British – Tecumseh’s welcome in Canada raised even higher ant-British feelings in the west.

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Henry Clay engineered a compromise in which slavery was forbidden in the Louisiana Territory north of the “Missouri Compromise Line” (36N, 30W), except Missouri. One free state (Maine) and one slave state (Missouri) were admitted to the Union at the same time to keep the balance between free and slave states in the senate.

“Midnight

Judicial appointments could not take effect until the papers for these last minute judges

were received

Washigton’s Cabinet-Secretary of State

Thomas Jefferson-In charge of foreign policy

Washigton’s Cabinet-Secretary of War

Henry Knox-In charge of the military

Washigton’s Cabinet-Secretary of Treasury

Alexander Hamilton-In charge of economic policy

Washigton’s Cabinet-Attorney General

Edmund Randolph-Make sure the laws are followed

Federalists Leader

Hamilton

Federalist type of government?

Strong National Government

Federalist Interpretation of the

Constitution?

Loose Interpretation

Federalist View of National Bank

Favored

Federalist Type of Economy for the United

States

Merchant, manufacturing and trading

Federalist Supporters

The North (merchants, traders, manufacturers)

Democratic-Republicans Leader

Jefferson

Democratic-Republicans View of Government

Strong State Governments

Democratic-Republicans Interpretation of the Constitution

Strict interpretation

Democratic-Republicans View of National Bank

Against

Democratic-Republicans Type of Economy for the United States

Agricultural (farming)

Democratic-Republicans Supporters

The South (farmers, poor)

Napoleon Bonaparte

France’s leader from 1804-1814 who agreed to sell the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 to the

United States

Barbary Pirates

Pirates from the Barbary Coast states of North Africa – Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis, terrorized European ships sailing on the Mediterranean Sea