Dissociative Identity Disorder and Related Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Characterized by two or more distinct personality states.

Malingering

Intentional production of false psychological symptoms.

Dissociation

Disconnection from thoughts, memories, or sense of self.

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important personal information.

Diagnostic Criteria

Set of symptoms required for disorder diagnosis.

Compartmentalization

Storing experiences in isolated fragments.

Sociocognitive Conditions

Internalizing symptoms from social influences.

Iatrogenic Conditions

Symptoms caused by medical treatment or suggestion.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory influencing behavior and thoughts.

Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Disorders affecting brain development and function.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Trauma Memory

Memories stored outside conscious awareness due to trauma.

Alter

Distinct personality state within dissociative identity disorder.

Federal Agencies

Organizations that may be exploited for financial gain.

Social Attention

Seeking attention from others through exaggerated symptoms.

Clinical Distress

Significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Developmental Stage

Period when children create imaginary friends for coping.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Often co-occurs with dissociative identity disorder.

Self-Injurious Behavior

Harmful actions directed at oneself, often seen in autism.

Stereotypic Movements

Repetitive motor movements common in autism spectrum disorder.

Neurotypical

Individuals with typical neurological development.

Neurodivergent

Individuals with atypical neurological development.

Neurodiversity

Recognition of diverse neurological conditions as normal.

Reciprocal Interaction

Mutual exchange of social communication and responses.

Echolalia

Repetition of phrases or sounds, often seen in autism.

Severity Specification

Assessment of impairment level in autism spectrum disorder.

Insistence on sameness

Inflexible adherence to routines and behaviors.

Restricted interests

Intense focus on specific, often unusual topics.

Sensory hyperreactivity

Extreme reactions to sensory stimuli.

Severity levels

Degree of support needed for functioning.

Level 1

Requires support for social interactions.

Level 2

Requires substantial support for daily activities.

Level 3

Requires very substantial support for functioning.

Causal factors

Heredity, neurological, and psychosocial influences.

Heredity

Genetic factors contributing to autism risk.

Neurological factors

Brain growth patterns affecting autism development.

Psychosocial factors

Social interactions influencing autism symptoms.

Vaccines

No evidence linking vaccines to autism.

The Hug test

Measures brain activation related to self-representation.

Intellectual disability

Cognitive impairment co-occurring with autism.

Behavioral treatment

Therapies to improve communication and reduce behaviors.

Pharmacological treatment

Medications to manage autism-related symptoms.

Stimulant medications

Used to reduce hyperactivity in autism.

Antipsychotic drugs

Medications for aggression and self-injury.

SSRIs

Medications to decrease compulsive behaviors.

Applied behavior analysis

Structured approach to improve behavior and learning.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Condition characterized by inattention and hyperactivity.

ADHD prevalence

Higher incidence in males, 9:1 ratio.

Inattention symptoms

Persistent difficulty in sustaining focus.

Hyperactivity symptoms

Excessive movement and impulsive behaviors.

Developmental impact

Symptoms interfere with social and academic functioning.

Early symptoms

Manifest before age 7 for ADHD diagnosis.

Two settings

Symptoms present in multiple environments.

Social communication impairments

Deficits in effective social interactions.