Distillation

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

the process of distillation

evaporation and condensation cycling

the types of distillation

simple, steam, fractional, and column

when should simple distillation be used

can be used if the states of matter are different and the boiling point difference between liquids is 70 degrees or more (25-100 degree difference)

when should fractional distillation be used

when the compounds' boiling point difference is less than 25 degrees

when should steam distillation be used

similar to simple distillation, but steam is used in the distilling flask

components of crude oil

Toluene, xylene, hydrocarbons

WHERE is fractional distillation COMMONLY used

in oil manufacturing

types of column distillation

packed and unpacked

vacuum distillation

- should be used if boiling points are over 150 degrees C to prevent degradation of the product

packed column distillation does what

lower the energy of the molecule coming in

efficiency of distillation

packed column, empty column, and simple

what factors affect the efficiency of distillation

the types of distillation set up

mixture type

the boiling point difference

the surface area of the boling point flask

pressure

rate of heating

theoretical plate

represents one vaporization/condensation cycle

Which compound has a higher boiling point: acetone or toluene

toluene

toluene

benzene with CH3

acetone boiling point

56°C

Toluene boiling point

111

what is the purpose of boiling chips

ensure smooth boiling