Bioeffects and QA EXTRA

What is the primary reason that tissue heats when sound is attenuated in the body?

absorption

When using continuous wave ultrasound, which intensity values will be equal?

SATP = SATA

If the amplitude of a sound beam is doubled, what happens to intensity?

It increases by a factor of 4

Which of the following intensity measurements is made during the PRP?

SATP

What units are used to express intensity measurements?

mW / cm^2

Which intensity measurement of a sound beam relates to the maximum heating of tissue?

SPTA

Which calculation is performed to determine the likelihood of tissue cavitation?

MI

What term and philosophy relates to the amount of exposure time for the sonographer and patient during a diagnostic ultrasound examination?

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

According to the AIUM, there have been no biological effect observed for unfocused ultrasound beams having SPTA intensity values below which level?

100 mW/cm^2

Experiments performed in petri dishes in a lab setting are called?

in vitro

If the power of an ultrasound beam is doubled, what happens to the intensity?

it doubles

Which term applies to the amount of power distributed over an area?

intensity

What does SPI stand for?

Sonographic Principles and Instrumentation

How long must you wait before you can retake an ARDMS exam if you didn't pass?

60 days

Which of the following is not an accrediting agency of sonographic labs?

American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Which of the following is not a credential granting body for sonographers?

American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine

Which registries will graduate form an accredited ultrasound program that offers tracks in the concentrations of echocardiography, vascular sonography, and general sonography to be qualified to take?

RDMS, RVT, RDCS

Which of the following is a voluntary process that acknowledges an organization's competency and credibility according to standards and essentials set forth by a reliable source?

Accreditation

Which statement is true regarding the test center identification requirements for ARDMS exams?

the name of the acceptable ID must exactly match the ARDMS records

A small thermometer that measures the temperature of an ultrasound beam is a good description of which testing device?

Thermocouple

Which statement is true of quality assurance testing for acoustic output?

Acoustic output testing is usually performed by the equipment manufacturer

Which test is used to evaluate the depth of reflectors from a transducer?

Vertical depth calibration

What characteristic is typically NOT assessed using a Doppler phantom?

Subtle echotexture changes

What is true of the Schieren Device used to test ultrasound equipment?

It displays the sound beam path

Which test evaluates the elevation resolution of the sound beam imaging plane?

Slice thickness phantom

What test object uses a moving belt, vibrating string or a fluid pump?

Doppler phantom

Which transducer will be expected to produce the highest measured absorption?

12 MHz

What is the ultrasound system's ability to detect weak echo signals?

Sensitivity

What is the name of the company that runs the test centers and exam scheduling process for the ARDMS registry exams?

Pearson VUE

Which of the following is not a resource provided on the ARDMS website for exam prep?

registry review courses

What is the first step to complete when applying for ARDMS registry consideration?

establish a login and ARDMS number

How long must you wait after failing an ARDMS exam to reapply for the same exam?

72 hours

Which acoustic variable is defined as force divided by area?

Pressure

Which calculation is used to predict the max increase in temperature within tissues as a result of attenuation?

Thermal index

Which statement best describes transient cavitation?

cavitation when larger bubbles are produced and subsequently rupture

Which statement is true regarding the biological effects of diagnostic ultrasound?

No effects caused by exposure from present diagnostic ultrasound instruments have been reported in human patients in the absence of contrast agents

What is defined as the action of an acoustic field within a fluid to generate bubbles?

Cavitation

Which form of cavitation has the most potential for inducing biological damage?

transient

Which of the following intensities has the lowest value during pulsed ultrasound?

SATA

Which of the following is a thermal mechanism for biologic effects?

tissue heating

How much is the registration fee for the ARDMS SPI exam?

275?

Which certifying agency offers credentialing exams for both cardiac and vascular testing?

CCI

Which is not a goal of a quality assurance program?

report equipment malfunctions annually

The middle rod group of the AIUM phantom scanned from the top measures the:

axial resolution

The testing device compound of a series of 0.75 mm diameter stainless steel rods arranged in groups suspended in fluid is the:

AIUM 100mm test object

The region where no imaging can take place is called the:

dead zone

Statistical analysis is used to:

find out if the results of their clinical testing is accurate

To perform statistical analysis a Chi square is used. This incorporates:

the comparison test vs. the Gold Standard

The term 'true positive' means:

the test said there was disease when there was

The following information is needed to find the POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE:

all of the positives

What statistical finding is defined as 'the ability of a test to detect the absence of disease'?

specificity

The acoustic variable defined as force divided by area is called

pressure

The amount of power divided by area is called:

intensity

The measurement that measures the intensity of the sound beam is a:

hydrophone

What credentials does the IAC provide?

adult and pediatric echo and vascular

What credentials does the AART provide?

general and vascular sonography

What credentials does the CCI provide?

special types of cardiac and vascular

What is the relationship between frequency and mechanical index?

(Intensity, pressure and amplitude?)

MI is inversely (reciprocally) related to frequency and directly related to intensity pressure and amplitude

What is the relationship between thermal index and frequency?

(intensity?)

TI is directly related to both

Should we be concerned about bones in 1st trimester OB?

no, bones have not grown yet