US History Chapters 23-24 Study Guide Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts from US History Chapters 23-24, focusing on political parties, labor movements, social changes, and significant historical events.

Base of the Democratic Party

Primarily supported in the South and in big cities with political machines.

Base of the Republican Party

Primarily supported everywhere except the South.

Boss Tweed

A political figure taken down by Thomas Nast through cartoons.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Legislation that prevented Chinese immigrants from entering the U.S. and resulted in violence.

Crédit Mobilier scandal

A scandal involving railroads and kickbacks due to the use of bribes.

Disenfranchisement of Southern Blacks

Methods included intimidation, poll taxes, literacy tests, and lynching.

Election of 1876

Controversial election with two sets of returns, resulting in the Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction.

Jim Crow laws

Laws that enforced legal racial segregation.

National Railroad Strike of 1877

Started due to a 10% pay cut and ended with federal troops being deployed.

Panic of 1873

Caused by over-expansion and the building of too many factories.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Court case that established the Separate but Equal doctrine.

Populist Party

Failed in the South, associated with William Jennings Bryan.

Republican views on labor

Supported business and wanted to suppress labor unions, favored laissez-faire economics.

Pendleton Act

Also known as the Pendleton Civil Service Act, it established a merit-based system requiring examinations.

Captains of Industry vs. Robber Barons

Captains of industry transformed and improved industries, while robber barons exploited workers.

Edison and his inventions

Invented the light bulb and the motion picture.

Gibson Girl

Portrayed an ideal of an independent and athletic new woman; most women worked due to economic necessity.

Gospel of Wealth

Concept by Andrew Carnegie advocating for the wealthy to give charity responsibly.

Horizontal integration

A business strategy used by Rockefeller to buy out competitors and increase market share.

Interlocking directorate

A term associated with JP Morgan's approach to corporate governance.

Interstate Commerce Commission

Established to regulate businesses, including railroads.

Impact of new technologies on women's employment

Innovations like typewriters and telephones increased women's employment in roles like secretaries and operators.

Pool in railroads

An agreement among railroads to divide business in an area and share profits.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Intended to prevent monopolistic practices; initially not successful.

Transcontinental Railroad

Financed by loans and grants, it united the nation, created time zones, and advanced technology.

Vertical integration

A business model used by Carnegie in the steel industry to control all aspects of production.

Wabash v. Illinois

Supreme Court case that ruled states could not regulate interstate commerce.

American Federation of Labor

Led by Gompers, made up of independent unions and known for being the most successful labor union.

Knights of Labor

Led by Powderly, achieved the eight-hour workday in some areas for both skilled and unskilled workers.

National Labor Union

Failed due to the 1873 depression; aimed for an eight-hour workday for government workers.

The Grange

A farmers alliance that advocated for agrarian interests and was concerned with railroad rates.