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What defines matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is the basic structural unit of all living things?
Cell
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What are atoms composed of?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What organizes elements on the periodic table?
Atomic number
What is the atomic symbol for oxygen?
O
What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Protons and neutrons
On what basis does science operate?
Observation, experimentation, and evidence
What do isotopes of an element have in common?
The same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What results in radioactivity?
Unstable atomic nuclei
What do electrons occupy?
Energy levels or shells
What does nuclear medicine use for diagnosis and treatment?
Radioactive isotopes
What does a chemical change result in?
The formation of a new substance
How are ionic compounds formed?
Transfer of electrons
What is the correct formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
What does a polyatomic ion consist of?
Two or more atoms with a charge
What do covalent bonds involve?
Sharing of electrons
What do water molecules exhibit?
Hydrogen bonding
What must a chemical reaction be?
Balanced
What does an anabolic reaction do?
Builds larger molecules from smaller ones
What does a catabolic reaction do?
Breaks down molecules
What does oxidation involve?
Loss of electrons
What do acids donate?
Protons (H⁺ ions)
What do buffers help maintain?
pH balance
What causes acid reflux?
Stomach acid moving into the esophagus
What are electrolytes essential for?
Nerve and muscle function
Why is water essential to life?
Supports biochemical reactions
What allows for cohesion and adhesion in water?
The polarity of water molecules
What is the chemical formula of water?
H₂O
What is the pH of pure water?
7
