Key Figures and Events in 17th Century Monarchy

Cardinal Mazarin

Decision-maker during Louis XIV's childhood reign.

Louis XIII

Became king at age 9, influenced by Richelieu.

Cardinal Richelieu

Chief advisor to Louis XIII, a powerful cardinal.

The Tutor Family

Respected parliament, enhancing their reputation.

The Stuarts

Opposed parliament, believing in divine right of kings.

Charles I

Stuart king who abolished parliament, ruled autocratically.

Scottish War

Conflict leading Charles I to summon parliament again.

Edict of Nantes

Proclamation ensuring Huguenots' religious freedom in France.

Henry IV of France

King focused on ending Catholic-Huguenot conflicts.

Charles V

King of Spain and Holy Roman Empire, opposed Protestants.

Peace of Augsburg

Agreement limiting Charles V's ability to wage war.

Philip II of Spain

Defender of the Catholic Church, opposed Protestantism.

Battle of Lepanto

Naval victory against Ottomans, boosting Spanish power.

Golden Age

Period of prosperity in Spain lasting about 100 years.