Cold War Part 2

Containment

Stop the spread of communism without starting WWIII

The Cold War was a

3^rd party war

What was Eisenhower’s problem?

What did he decide to do?

His plans were too expensive

Saved money by taking out army and navy and increase the air force, relying on nuclear weapons + fear instead of troops

Brinkmanship

Pushing a conflict to the edge of nuclear war to force the enemy to back down

Brinksmanship Idea:

Neither side actually wants nuclear war, fear becomes a weapon, one mistake can lead to total human destruction

What is nuclear detterence?

Using the threat of nuclear weapons to prevent war

MAD stands for..

Mutually Assured Destruction ( If one country launches nuclear weapons, both are destroyed, no winner )

Which is stronger, Hydrogen or Atomic bomb?

Hydrogen, by 100x

What was Sputnik?

USSR’s first satellite, small metal sphere with radio transmitter

What was the U.S. response to Sputnik?

Panic: Fear of Soviet technology

Results: Increased defense spending, focus on math & science

What civil defense measures took place?

Duck & Cover drills, fallout shelters, survival supplies

What was Ike’s middle ground?

Eisenhower’s balance between appeasement and nuclear brinkmanship by relying on CIA operations and economic aid,

What was the National Security Council?

Advises the president, coordinates military & intelligence

What was the CIA?

6,000 employees, Conducts covert operations, Overthrows government, Spreads propaganda

Iran was rich in…

Oil

What was Iran’s plan with the oil?

Mossadegh wanted to nationalize oil, and take all the profits

What was the U.S. reaction to nationalizing oil in Iran?

Fear of communism, CIA stages coup without permission, overthrows Iran leader and restores Shah to power

What was Operation Ajax?

CIA pays Zookhaneh Giants to spread word to return the Shah to power

Consequences of Operation Ajax

Shah rules for 26 years, Brutal Dictatorship

METO is…

Middle Eastern Treaty Organization

• Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, UK, USA

GOAL: Support anyone who is anti-communist

Who became Egypt’s main Cold War leader?

Nassar

What was Nassar’s main goal of Egypt?

Gain indepence and nationalize the Suez Canal from Britian and France

Why was the Suez Canal important?

Connects Red Sea + Meditation, make 25$ a year

What was the Aswan Dam project?

Dam which wanted to be built by Egypt, and was going to get a loan from America

Why did America drop out of the Aswan Dam loan?

Egypt bought weapons from Soviets and recognized communist China, and so Egypt nationalized the Suez canal

How did Britian, France, and Isreal react to Nassar nationalizing Suez Canal?

They invaded Egypt ( Suez Crisis )

Why did Eisenhower oppose the invasion on Egypt?

Looked like colonism, and pushed Egypt torward the Soviets

Who replaced Stalin in Hungary?

Khrushchev

Who is the new ruler in Hungary?

Imre Nagy, loosens restrictions and allow free speech, but still not enough

What was the Hungarian Revolt?

Students protest and demand, free elections, national independence, and Soviet troops out

What was the Soviet Response to the Hungarian Revolt?

They send tanks where thousands are killed

U.S. does nothing to help

Why does Latin America matter so much?

Geography

Monroe Doctrine Mindset

Domino Effect

What was the U.S. reaction to Guatemala wanting national independce?

CIA intervenes, propaganda, bribes, etc., military regimie is instilled

What was Operation PB?

CIA covert operation that used propaganda, funding, and armed support to overthrow Guatemala’s nationalist president, Jacobo Árbenz to prevent suspected communist influence.

Who did the CIA fund in Guatamela?

Carlos Castillo Armas to get control over and remove Arbanz because he wanted independce

What Cuban leader protected U.S. business interests

Fulgencio Batista

• Supported by U.S.

• Corrupt / Brutal

• Protects U.S. business interests

What Cuban Leader was a nationalist and wanted to remove U.S. influence?

Fidel Castro