Antecedent control-Modeling, Guidance, & Situational Inducement

Modeling

Any procedure that involves presenting a sample of a behaviour to an individual with the purpose of inducing the individual to engage in a similar behaviour

Criteria is for imitation

1. Occurs after seeing someone else perform the behaviour

2. Looks similar to the modeled behaviour

3. Happens soon after the model's action

4. The model is the main influence on the behaviour

Three types of effective modeling

1. Observational learning

2. Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects

3. Response facilitation

How to maximize the effectiveness of modeling

1. Use peers

2. Show the behaviour and its effects

3. Ensure the model is perceived as competent

4. Use multiple models

5. Combine modeling with other behavioural techniques

6. Behavioural requires few steps

7. Context

Inverse imitation

When an observer performs a response that is the opposite of a models behaviour. Occurs when there is reinforcement for behaviour that complements that of the model and when the individual; is reinforced for behaving differently from the model

Physical Guidance

Using physical contact to prompt an individual to go through the motions of a desired behaviour. Combines instructions, modeling, reinforcement for correct responses. Used with fading

Generalized imitation

After learning to imitate a number of behaviours an individual learns to imitate a new response on the first trial without reinforcement

Situational inducement

Influencing a behaviour by using situations and occasions that already exert control over behaviour.

Ex. Churches, museums, libraries tend to suppress loud talking

Situational Inducement put to work

Rearrange the surroundings, move activity to a new location, relocate people, change the time of an activity