AP Euro Chapter Terms: Ch. 11 - The Dark Ages/Later Middle Ages

Alexander V

Elected Pope by Council of Pisa

Battle of Agincourt

Overwhelming victory for the English against the French in the Hundred Years' War;

in 1415

Black Death

Mid-14th century pandemic;

most devastating natural disaster in European history

Black Prince

Edward, Prince of Wales

Boniface VIII

Pope who began the Great Schism;

said spiritual authority was superior over secular authority

Calais

Small, coastal French town that was captured by the English during the 100 Years' War;

it remained in England"s possession for an additional century after the war.

Capetian Dynasty

French dynasty that went extinct

Catherine of Siena

Mythic who convinced Gregory XI to return to Rome

Charles V

French king who recovered all lands lost to England

Charles VI

Insane king of France

Charles VII

Crowned by Joan of Arc;

king of France from 1422 until his death

Christine de Pizan

Author, women's rights advocate

Ciompi

Wool workers in Florence's most prominent industry, who revolted in 1378

Clement V

Pope who moved from Rome to Avignon

Clement VI

Pope who crushed Flagellant movement

Clement VII

Pope elected by French; competed against Urban V

Decameron

Book that describes life in 14th century Italy, captures citizens' reactions to the Black Plague

Divine Comedy

Book by Dante Alighieri;

describes soul's progression into heaven

Edward III

King of England from 1327 to 1377 who had a claim to the French throne;

Quarrel between him and the French king began the Hundred Years' War.

English king, overthrew father and had claim to French throne

English Peasant Revolt of 1381

A prominent uprising in 1381 against the monarchy's imposed taxes upon the peasant population

Flagellants

People who wandered from town to town, whipping themselves to win the forgiveness of God, whom they thought had sent the plague as punishment for sins

(Movement crushed by Clement VI)

Geoffrey Chaucer

Wrote the Canterbury Tales

Gerard Groote

Founded Modern Devotion

Giotto

Italian painter;

forerunner to Italian Renaissance

Giovanni Boccaccio

Wrote the Decameron

Giovanni di Dondi

Constructed the most accurate clock at the time

Grandi

Wealthy rulers of the Republic of Florence

Gregory XI

The last of the Avignon Popes

Henry III

English king;

gave up all possessions in France except Duchy of Gascony

Henry IV

Henry of Lancaster;

deposed of Richard II and made himself king

Henry V

King of England from 1413 until 1422;

noted for military success - in winning - in the Battle Agincourt (renewed 100 Year's War)

Hundred Year's War

Series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453 in dispute over the right of succession to the French throne

Isabella

"She-wolf" of France

Joan of Arc

French peasant girl who led the French army and rallied them against the English

John II

King of France who got captured at Battle of Poitiers

Little Ice Age

A period of noticeable weather cooling in the late 13th century

Longbow

A bow invented by the Welsh;

used by the English in the 100 Year's War

Marsiglio of Padua

Wrote Defender of the Peace;

denied spiritual authority's power over temporal authority

Martin V

Pope elected by Council of Constance, ended the Schism

Meister Eckhart

Founder of mysticism

Mongols

Created a vast empire;

brought the plague from Asia to Europe

Petrarch

One of Europe's greatest lyric poets

Philip IV

King of France from 1285 until his death, also known as "The Fair";

His clashes with the English king of the time began the Hundred Years' War.

Died with no heir;

Captured Boniface VIII

Pogroms

The worst organized massacre of Jews in Germany during the Black Plague

Richard II

King who was 14 during the Peasant Revolt of 1381, promised to accept their demands but later arrested them

Scutage

A payment made to a lord in substitution to military service

Statute of Laborers

A set of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1351 which attempted to limit wages and forbid peasant mobility

Visconti

Dictator of Duchy of Milan