Biomolecules and Their Functions

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to biomolecules, their functions, and related nutrients.

Biomolecules

Organic molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates

Biomolecules like sugars and starches that provide energy; sugars end in ‘-ose’.

Proteins

Large biomolecules made of amino acids that are crucial for building and repairing tissues.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins; 11 can be synthesized by the body, while 9 must be obtained from the diet.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Fats (Lipids)

Main form of energy storage, consisting of glycerol and fatty acids, providing insulation and protection.

Saturated Fats

Fats with single C-C bonds, typically solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fats

Fats with one or more double C=C bonds, usually liquid at room temperature.

Vitamins

Organic compounds needed in small amounts for various bodily functions, can be fat-soluble or water-soluble.

Minerals

Inorganic elements required by the body in small amounts for various physiological functions.

Deficiency Diseases

Health issues that arise from a lack of essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals.

Glucose

A simple sugar (monosaccharide) used by cells for energy; produced by plants during photosynthesis.

Cellulose

A carbohydrate that forms the cell walls of plants; provides dietary fiber that humans cannot digest.