Toes, Forefoot, and Foot anatomy

what is Talipes?

deformity in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position

what is the cause of Talipes?

• idiopathic

• increased rish with family hisotry, smoking during pregnancy, other abnormalities such as spina bifida

talipes varus

• AKA club foot

• most common

what is Gout?

sudden, severe attacks of pain, releases and tenderness in joints, often in big toe

what causes gout?

• increase of uric acid in blood leads to deposition of uric acid crystals in joints, cartilage, and kidneys

  • enzym devects, trauma, overweight, excessive alcohol intake, too much meat and fish high in purines, medications (diuretics)

what is the technical factor for gout?

• destructive pathology

  • may not need to alter anything

radiogrpahic appearance of gout

• “rat bite” erosions- crystal like lesions with overhanging edges

what is osteomyelitis?

inflammation of the bone (oseitis) and bone marrow (myelitis)

what causes osteomyelitis?

bacteria entering the body from injury or surgery (Iatrogenic)

technical factor for osteomyelitis

• subtractive disease

  • decrease technique

radiographic appearance of osteomyelitis

ragged, moth eaten appearance

what is a bone spur?

bony growth formed on normal bone

what is another name for a bone spur?

osteophyte

what casues a bone spur?

• typically forms in response to pressure, rubbing, or stress that continues over a long period of time

  • common plances for bone spurs include the spine, shoulders, hands, hips, knees, and feet

technical factors for bone spurs

• additive condition

  • no changes required

radiographic appearance of bone spurs

extra bone appears as parrot beak

what is a jones fracture?

most common fracture of foot is at the base of the 5th metatarsal

causes of the jones fracture

trauma, occurs with plantar flexion of foot

what is a stress or fatigue fracture “march”

fractures in weight-bearing bones caused by repetitive stress

casuses of a stress or fatigue fracture

prolonged and concentrated stress typically to the feet

what degree does the tube need to be for a toe AP axial

15 degrees toward the heel

What is the EI and DI Ranges

• 100-300

• -3.0 - +3.0

centering for an AP axial toe

2nd MTP

centering for an oblique

3rd MTP

Tube degree angle for an AP axialo foot

10 degrees

what is number 1?

fibula (P5)

what is number 2?

subtalar joint (P5)

what is number 3?

calcaneous (P5)

what is number 4?

true ankle joint (P5)

what is number 5?

talus (P5)

what is number 6?

tibia (P5)

what is number 2?

calcaneous (P6)

what is number 3?

cuboid (P6)

what is number 4?

5th metacarpal (P6)

what is number 1?

talus (P6)

what is number 1?

navicular (P9)

what is number 2?

talocalcaneo-navicular joint (P9)

what is number 3?

talus (P9)

what is number 4?

calcaneous (P9)

what is number 5?

subtalar joint (P9)

what is number 6?

interphalangeal joints (P9)(bottom)

what is number 7?

metatarsophalangeal joints (P9)(bottom)

what is number 8?

calcaneocuboid joint (P9)

what is number 9?

cuboid (P9)

what is number 10?

tarsometatarsal joints (P9)

what is number 11?

subtalar joint (P9)(top)

what is number 12?

metatarsophalangeal joints (P9)(top)

what is number 13?

tarsometatarsal joint (P9)(bottom)

what is number 14?

calcaneocuboid joint (P9)(bottom)

what is number 15?

talocalcaneonavicular joint (P9)(bottom)

what is number 16?

interphalangeal joints (P9)(top)

what is number 17?

tarsometatarsal joints (P9)(top)

what is number 18?

transverse tarsal joints

what is number 19?

talocalcaneonavicular joint (P9)(top)

what is number 20?

calcaneocuboid joint (P9)(top)

what is number 21?

metatarsophalangeal joints (P9)

what is number 22?

interphalangeal joints (P9)

what is number 1?

metatarsophalangeal joint (P7)

what is number 2?

sesamoid

what is number 3?

tarsometatarsal joint (P7)

what is number 4?

cuneiforms (P7)

what is number 5?

navicular (P

what is number 6?

cuboid (P7)

what is number 1?

navicular (P3)

what is number 2?

talus (P3)

what is number 3?

sinus tarsi (P3)

what is number 4?

calcaneous (P3)

what is number 5?

cuboid (P3)

what is number 6?

lateral cuneiform

what is number 7?

tuberosity (P3)

what is number 8?

metatarsals (P3)

what is number 9?

intermediate cuneiform (P3)

what is number 10?

medial cuneiform (P3)

what is number 1?

metatarsals (P2)

what i snumber 2?

phalanges (P2)

what is number 3?

fibula (P2)

what is number 4?

tibia (P2)

what is number 5?

tibiotalar joint (P2)

what is number 6?

navicular (P2)

what is number 7?

talus (P2)

what is number 8?

sinus tarsi (P2)

what is number 9?

calcaneous (P2)