BB2 Unit 2, Chapter 7: Other Blood Group Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on other blood group systems, focusing on the characteristics, significance, and clinical implications of various blood group antigens and their associated antibodies.

What do red blood cell (RBC) antigens do?

RBC antigens act as targets of antibodies and can elicit an immune response.

What are the common outcomes associated with antigen-antibody complexes in blood reactions?

They can manifest in hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

What is the significance of Kell (K1/Kell) and k (K2/cellano) in blood groups?

K is a low frequency antigen in less than 9% of the population, while k is a high frequency antigen present in over 90%.

What characterizes high frequency antibodies?

They are not commonly encountered because most of the population possess these antigens.

What does Landsteiner's rule refer to?

An individual's antibodies against a blood group antigen are typically absent if that individual's red blood cells possess the corresponding antigen.

What is the Kell Blood Group System significantly associated with?

It is significantly associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).

What is the Mcleod Phenotype associated with in the Kx Blood Group System?

The Mcleod phenotype is due to the absence of Kx antigen, mainly seen in males, leading to conditions such as red cell abnormalities and chronic granulomatous disease.

What are the two primary antigens in the Duffy Blood Group System?

Fya and Fy b are the primary antigens in the Duffy Blood Group System.

Why are anti-Fya and anti-Fy b antibodies clinically significant?

They must be given antigen-negative RBCs due to their ability to cause transfusion reactions.

What are the Kidd antigens?

The Kidd blood group system includes three antigens: Jka, Jkb, and Jk3.

How can the presence of Kidd antibodies impact transfusion?

Kidd antibodies can decrease rapidly after transfusion, so antigen-negative RBCs must still be given.

What are the primary antigens in the Lutheran Blood Group System?

Lua and Lub are the primary antigens, with most being high-incidence antigens.

What is the characteristic feature of the Lewis Blood Group System antigens?

Lewis antigens are produced by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids, then adsorbed onto RBC membranes.

What distinguishes the Le(a-b-) red cell phenotype?

This phenotype is a result of the absence of Lewis antigens due to le gene inheritance.

What is unique about Lewis antibodies?

They are predominantly IgM and do not cross the placenta, thus are not implicated in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

How can agglutination occur with Lewis antibodies?

Agglutination can occur at immediate-spin, 37°C, and in antihuman globulin tests.