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During which stage of a project’s lifecycle does the
owner have the least ability to make design changes?
▪ A. Detailed Design
▪ B. Programming
▪ C. Schematic Design
▪ D. Construction
D → Construction

What is a Project Cost Estimate?
A Project Cost Estimate is
• an assessment of the cost to develop a project
• based upon the information and data available at the
time the estimate is rendered. 10-20% of the budget
Includes
▪ Land Acquisition
▪ Feasibility Studies
▪ Design Activities
▪ Construction Activities
▪ Project Financing
▪ Insurance & Taxes
▪ Inspection & Testing
Construction Cost Estimates Include
▪ Construction Activities (Direct Costs) – 70–80%
▪ Construction Financing – 5–10%
▪ Construction Insurance & Taxes – 2–5%
.
▪ Construction Inspection & Testing – 1–3%
A square-foot estimate is most likely used
for
A. Preliminary Estimate
B. A/E Estimate
C. Final Bid Estimate
D. Construction Estimate
A →.is a method used during the early stages of a project to provide a rough assessment of costs
A contractor who specializes in dormitory
construction will most likely be the low bidder
on future dormitory estimates when compared
to other non-specialized contractors.
True
Specialized contractors often have more accurate, efficient, and refined estimating processes for their niche
Estimating Concepts – Key Consideration
▪ Location
• Labor, Equipment, Materials
• Location Indices
▪ Time
• Inflation
• ENR Indexes
▪ Market Conditions