Pearson Exemplar - 8.A HIV & AIDS

Once inside the body, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and destroys several types of cells, including helper T cells. List each of the events in this process in the order in which they occur.

A) Virus recognizes and invades helper T cell

B) Viral RNA is acted upon by reverse transcriptase

C) Viral DNA integrates with helper T cell DNA

D) Virus disrupts cell membrane of helper T cell, leading to its destruction

E) Virus sheds its protein coat

A E B C D

The nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is on antiretroviral therapy. The client complains of nausea, fever, severe diarrhea, and anorexia. Which of the following prescribed medications does the nurse anticipate in order to relieve the anorexia and stimulate the client's appetite? Select all that apply.

A) Dronabinol (Marinol)

B) Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)

C) Abacavir (Ziagen)

D) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

E) Megestrol (Megace)

A E

Which of the following statements is false and should not be included in client teaching about how to reduce the risk of contracting HIV?

A) Clients who will require blood transfusions during surgery should encourage their family members to donate the blood they will receive.

B) The only totally safe sex practices are abstinence; long-term, mutually monogamous sexual relations between uninfected individuals; and mutual masturbation without direct contact.

C) When possible, autologous transfusion is a good risk reduction strategy for clients who are undergoing surgery.

D) Clients should use condoms during every sexual encounter involving vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse.

A

What is the most commonly observed opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS?

A) Tuberculosis

B) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

C) Candida albicans infection

D) Mycobacterium avium complex

B

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who was recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client states, "I don't plan on giving up sex just because I am HIV positive." Based on this data, which nursing diagnosis is the priority for this client?

A) Risk for Infection

B) Death Anxiety

C) Deficient Knowledge

D) Social Isolation

C

The nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The client asks the nurse whether there are ways to protect the client's life partner from getting the virus. After the nurse provides the client with teaching related to this topic, which statement on the part of the client would indicate a need for further education?

A) "I know to use an oil-based lubricant to prevent spread of the virus to my partner."

B) "I can still kiss and hug my partner to show affection."

C) "I will not share my razor with my partner."

D) "I know I have to practice safer sex with my partner by using a latex condom."

A

The nurse is planning care for a pediatric client who is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse selects Risk for Infection as a priority nursing diagnosis for this client. Based on this nursing diagnosis, which actions by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.

A) Administering tuberculosis skin tests every 6 months

B) Teaching proper food-handling techniques to the family

C) Instructing on the importance of delaying vaccinations until adulthood

D) Assessing the health status of all visitors

E) Monitoring hand-washing techniques used by the family

B D E

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is newly diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which result would be considered potentially problematic and should be reported to the client's healthcare provider?

A) CD4 cell count of 195/mm3

B) Viral load 6500 copies/mL

C) Negative tuberculin skin test

D) WBC count of 6500/mm3

A

A home health nurse is conducting home visits for several clients who are diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which client would the nurse see first?

A) A client who is receiving lamivudine (Triumeq) because of a low CD4 cell count

B) A client with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia who called the office this morning to report a new onset of fever, cough, and shortness of breath

C) A client with wasting syndrome who needs dietary modifications and education regarding these changes

D) A client who is receiving IV antibiotics daily for toxoplasmosis

B

A nurse is caring for a client with HIV who just learned she is several weeks pregnant. The client states that she is concerned about how her HIV diagnosis might affect the health of her child. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in her teaching for this client?

A) "One way to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to your child is to opt for vaginal birth rather than cesarean delivery."

B) "Although infants can acquire HIV from their mothers at birth, the virus cannot cross the placenta during pregnancy."

C) "Most HIV medications are safe during pregnancy, and taking them can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus."

D) "Women with HIV are no more likely than uninfected women to experience miscarriage or fetal loss."

C

Which type of precaution should the nurse implement when providing direct care in the intensive care unit (ICU) to a client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A) Droplet

B) Reverse

C) Standard

D) Contact

C

A nurse working in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client is severely symptomatic with the additional diagnoses of lymphoma and wasting syndrome. Based on this data, which clinical stage of HIV does the nurse anticipate for this client?

A) Category N

B) Category C

C) Category A

D) Category B

B