Cells Bio

Nucleus

Controls cell activities

Nucleolus

Mkae’s ribisomes

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Mitochondria

produces ATP

Rough ER

Make and transports proteins

Smooth ER

Makes lipids

Ribosome

Produces Proteins

Lysosome

Breaks down waste and old cell parts

Cytoskeleton

Provides structure and support to the cell

Golgi

packages and ships proteins and lipids

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance where organelles are located

Flagella

Helps with cell movement

Cilia

Moves substances across the cell surface

Metabolism

Chemical reactions to make energy

Reproduction

Making new cells

Growth

increase in size and number

Response

Reacting to the enviroment

Homeostasis

Maintaining Balance

Integumentary System

protects the body/skin

Digestive system

Breaks down food for nutrients/stomach

Cardiovascular System

Circulates blood / Heart

Respiratory System

Moves fresh air in and removes waste gases / Lungs

Lymphatic System

Fights infections / Lymph nodes

Reproductive System

Makes offspring / Ovaries

Muscular System

Provides movement / Muscles

Skeletal System

Provides support and structure / Bones

Endocrine System

Regulates hormones / Glands

Nervous System

Sends messages / Brain

Urinary System

Releases waste / Kidneys

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Active transport: Requires energy; moves substances against the concentration gradient.

Passive transport: Does not require energy; moves substances with the concentration gradient.

Hypertonic

Solution with more solutes, causing water to move out of the cell.

Hypotonic

Solution with fewer solutes, causing water to move into the cell.

Isotonic

Solution with equal solutes, meaning no net water movement.

Plasmolysis

The shrinking of a plant cell's membrane due to water loss in a hypertonic

Cytolysis

Bursting of a cell due to excess water intake in a hypotonic solution. Happens only in animal cells because plant cells have a cell wall for protection.

Semi-permeable

Allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from a crowded area to a less crowded area.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low water concentration.

Endocytosis

Process where a cell takes in substances like nutrients.

Exocytosis

Process where a cell releases substances like waste.

Pinocytosis

The cell takes in liquids.

Phagocytosis

: The cell takes in solid particles.

Why is the cell membrane referred to as the fluid mosaic model?

1. Because it is flexible and made up of different molecules which are lipids, proteins, and carbs.