Sherrin - World History Quiz #1

quiz date: Friday 9/18/25

Liberalism

A philosophy that promotes individual rights and autonomy. It emphasizes rights to make your own choices, rights to own property, and embed these rights into formal law.

Utilitarianism

A philosophy which chooses to maximize total happiness and minimize suffering for the majority of people.

Marxism/Socialism

A philosophy which calls for an even, classless society with no privately owned property (everything is public).

Democracy

A philosophy that emphasizes rule of the majority (through voting).

Child Labor

The employment of children in factories during the Industrial Revolution. They were cheap hires who worked long hours in horrible conditions.

Environment

The environment was worsened due to smoke from factories, excess wastes pumped into rivers, and overpopulation destroyed most land.

Industrial Revolution

A major sudden change which transformed social, political, and economic landscapes. Specifically, it created more urban societies, created newer technologies, and fueled the creation of many ideologies and reform movements.

Slavery

the exploitation of individuals, usually subjected into hard labor on plantations.

Anti-Slavery Movement

A movement started by Thomas Clarkson, along with many other important figures. At first it aimed to abolish the slave trade, but later expanded to abolish slavery. It was one of the first human rights movements in history, and was unprecedented due to the amount of people part of it and the people they fought for.

Labor Reform

A movement that fought to better the conditions and wages of factories and their workers, as well as get rid of child labor.

Reform/Chartist Movement

A movement that fought to re-shape the electoral system (Parliament) of Britain and fought to expand the vote past property-owning men.

Revolution

Major changes of whole systems, usually sudden.

Thomas Clarkson

Leader and founder of the British Anti-Slavery Movement + Society. He was a major activist for the abolition of the slave trade and slavery.

William Wilberforce

Member of Parliament who worked with Thomas Clarkson. He introduced many bills to Parliament aimed at abolishing the slave trade.

Elizabeth Heyrick

Quaker activist for women and slaves who organized boycotts and was a crucial member of the British Anti-Slavery Movement.

Oladauh Equiano

Former slave who bought his own freedom. He published a memoir about slavery and was a crucial part of the British Anti-Slavery Movement.

Do liberals want reform or revolution?

Depends on the liberal: some want change because it defends natural human dignity, but some don’t want change because they support private property. REFORM.

Do utilitarians want reform or revolution?

They want change through reform and revolution because lots of people aren’t happy.

Do marxists/socialists want reform or revolution?

They want change through a revolution because they want to drastically change all social and economic systems.

Who is the founding thinker of Liberalism?

John Locke

Who is the founding thinker of Utilitarianism?

Jeremy Bentham

Who is the founding thinker of Socialism/Communism/Marxism?

Karl Marx

Who is the founding thinker of Democracy?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Positives of Industrial Revolution

• (all long-term)

• better wages & working conditions in factories

• urbanization

• new byproducts of industry

• new reforms

Negatives of Industrial Revolution

• child labor

• pollution/destruction of environment

• overcrowded cities

• bad working conditions and jobs

• lack of housing and education

(mostly short term)