(Gateway): Community Level Systems

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Cycling of Materials on Earth

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Science, Biology, OCR, OCR Gateway, Community, Community Level Systems, OCR Biology, GCSE, GCSE Biology

20 Terms

1

Cycling of Materials on Earth

Atoms cycle between compounds in an ecosystem, moving between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.

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2

Nitrogen Cycle

Process where proteins from animals break down into amino acids, used by plants after decomposition.

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3

Importance of Microorganisms

Microorganisms aid in decomposition, returning minerals and nutrients to the environment.

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4

Carbon Cycle

Describes how carbon moves between living organisms and the environment through processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

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5

Water Cycle

Essential for life, involving processes like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

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6

Rate of Decomposition

Speed at which dead matter breaks down, influenced by factors like temperature, water content, and oxygen availability.

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7

Composting

Organic compost enhances soil quality through decomposition by bacteria, fungi, and worms.

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8

Abiotic Factors

Non-living elements like light intensity, temperature, moisture levels, and soil pH affecting organisms in ecosystems.

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9

Biotic Factors

Living elements like food availability, predators, and competition influencing organism communities in ecosystems.

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10

Interdependence within a Community

Organisms rely on each other for survival, seen in predator-prey cycles, mutualistic relationships, and parasitism.

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11

Fleas

Parasitic insects that reside on the skin of other animals, feeding on their blood and weakening the host.

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12

Tapeworms

Parasitic worms that live in the intestines of other animals, absorbing nutrients and causing weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting in the host.

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13

Trophic Levels

The hierarchical levels in a food chain or web, with producers at the base and successive levels of consumers.

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14

Food Web

The interconnected network of multiple food chains within an ecosystem.

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15

Producers

Organisms, like plants or algae, that can perform photosynthesis and form the base of a food chain by producing biomass.

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16

Consumers

Organisms that rely on consuming other organisms for energy since they cannot produce their own food.

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17

Biomass

Organic material derived from living organisms, representing the total mass of living matter at each trophic level.

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18

Pyramids of Biomass

Diagrams illustrating the amount of biomass present at each trophic level in a food chain, typically showing a decrease in biomass from lower to higher levels.

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19

Transfer of Biomass

The movement of biomass from one trophic level to another in a food chain, with only about 10% being transferred efficiently.

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20

Efficiency of Biomass Transfer

The percentage of biomass transferred from one trophic level to the next, typically around 10% in a healthy ecosystem.

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