Power Up - Year 9 Science

ecosystem

Involves the interaction of biotic and abiotic things in a given area, contains habitats where organisms live e.g. forests, deserts, coral reefs

community

Is made of different populations interacting with eachother e.g. forest (trees, bears, funghi)

population

a group of the same species of organisms

e.g. a herd of zebras, a school of fish

biotic factors

living factors

abiotic factors

non living factors

Leaf diagram

Leaf structure and functions

Palisade mesophyll - contain chloroplast

Stomata - allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to be released

Spongy mesophyll - gaseous exchange

Phloem - transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Xylem - transports water from the roots to the leaves

Guard cells - open and close the stomata

Process of photosynthesis

photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of the mesophyll. Chloroplast absorbs light energy from the sun, when combined with carbon dioxide and water, it traps this energy in the chemical bonds of glucose.

Chemical equation

CO2+H2O = C6H12O6O2

Carbon dioxide + water with the sunlight make glucose + oxygen

Cellular respiration

The process of converting stored energy into usable energy. It occurs in the mitochondria.

Process of cellular respiration

The energy stored in plants (as glucose) is released as a molecule called ATP

Chemical equation

Oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + ATP

aerobic respiration

Produces more ATP

Occurs in mitochondria

Produces carbon dioxide and water as a waste product

Requires oxygen

Used when heart rate and breathing rate rise

anaerobic respiration

Doesn’t require oxygen

Occurs in cytoplasm

Used in the first 1 - 2 minutes of exercise

Produces less ATP

Produces lactic acid as a waste product (animals)

aerobic equation

Glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water + ATP

anaerobic equation

Glucose = lactic acid + ATP

(lactic acid broken down by liver)

Anaerobic respiration (funghi, yeast and bacteria)

Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP

food chain

feeding relationship

food web

Shows all the connections between the food chains, it has multiple paths

Energy loss and transferal

Only ten percent is passed from each level

producers vs consumers

Producer - organisms that can photosynthesise

Consumer - Primary consumers eat producers

Secondary consumers eat primary consumers

role of decomposers

Break down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic substances.

Factors that disrupt ecosystems

Natural disasters and human activities

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon cycle examples

CO2+H2O = C6H12O2

C6H12O6+O2 = H2O+CO2+ATP