fahey hints exam 3

What is the function of cerebral spinal fluid in the central nervous system?

It cushions the CNS, provides nourishment, and removes wastes.

What cranial nerve is responsible for taste and the gag reflex?

The glossopharyngeal nerve.

What structure must be moved to visualize the glans penis?

The foreskin.

What substance does the prostate secrete to neutralize female acidic secretions?

A milky substance.

What are hernias?

Protrusions through weakened muscles.

What does the vestibule in the female anatomy comprise?

The skin folds that form the labia majora and labia minora.

What is the term for moving a limb away from the body?

Abduction.

What is the function of tendons?

They attach muscle to bones.

What condition is indicated by a curvature of the thoracic spine towards the left side?

Scoliosis.

What should a nurse do to test cranial nerve III function in a head trauma victim?

Ask the patient to move his head up and down.

What may be indicated by an enlarged nodular prostate found during a digital rectal exam?

Additional follow-up is needed.

How is a decrease in the frequency of a person’s stools described?

Constipation.

What may the absence of bowel sounds signify?

It may be a true emergency and requires listening for at least 5 minutes.

How can the abdomen be described?

It has four quadrants: upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left.

Where is the largest organ in the body located?

The liver is located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ).

What part of the stethoscope is used to auscultate vascular sounds of the abdomen?

The bell.

What assessment technique may help determine cause for abdominal distension?

Percussion.

What occurs during rebound tenderness?

Tenderness is felt when pressure is released suddenly from the abdomen.

What do hyperactive bowel sounds indicate?

Increased peristaltic activity, possibly related to diarrhea or digestion.

When measuring muscle strength, what is important to do with the extremities?

Perform the assessment on both extremities simultaneously.

What conditions do elderly individuals have a higher incidence of?

Diverticulum, bowel perforation, and constipation.

What should a nurse observe for during an abdominal assessment?

Shape, masses, and vascular sounds.

What sound does the nurse expect when percussing over the liver?

Dullness; tympany over the tummy.

What position should a patient be in during an abdominal exam?

Supine position.

What is used to assess bowel sounds during an abdominal exam?

The diaphragm of the stethoscope.

What questions should a nurse ask during a health history for the abdomen?

About vomiting, cramping, nausea, difficulty swallowing, and black and tarry stools.

What does dysphasia refer to?

Difficult swallowing.

What is rigidity in the abdomen?

The involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles.

What organs are found in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum, and hepatic flexure.

What are the abdominal regions?

Right and left hypochondriac, hypogastric, epigastric, umbilical, right and left lumbar, right and left iliac.

List the areas of the abdominal muscles.

External abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, internal abdominal oblique, transverse abdominis.

What are the two categories of abdominal organs?

Solid and hollow viscera; hollow includes stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder.

What would an unexpected finding in the abdomen during auscultation be?

Hypoactive bowel sounds, hyperactive bowel sounds, or absent bowel sounds.

Which abdominal viscera are not normally palpable?

Pancreas and spleen; stomach and gallbladder; small intestine.

What should the nurse do if a patient has facial drooping, slurred speech, and weakness?

Use the FAST assessment for stroke.

What does the Romberg test assess?

Balance and proprioception or vestibular dysfunction.

What should a patient demonstrate when testing cranial nerve VII?

They should be able to smile, frown, and raise eyebrows.

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Resting tremors, rigidity, and impairment of voluntary control.

How is the abdomen assessed?

By inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

What symptoms can indicate appendicitis?

Pain, nausea, and tenderness in the right lower quadrant (RLQ).

What is the primary purpose of abdominal palpation?

To test for rigidity and tenderness.

What is lordosis?

An excessive inward curvature of the spine.

What test is given to determine carpal tunnel syndrome?

The Phalen’s test.

What are the symptoms of gout?

Redness around joints, swollen toe joints, and painfulness in the joints.