RTIs and other herd diseases including poultry

What is the primary host for B. Abortus?

Cattle

What are the primary hosts for B. Melitensis?

Sheep and goats

What is the primary transmission route for Brucella?

Venereal, ingestion, contact with infected animals, contaminated dairy products

What are the key reproductive clinical signs for Brucella?

Abortion >5 mo with retained placenta, infertility in females, orchitis and epididymitis in males

What is the reportable status of B. Abortus?

Notifiable - make contact within 24 hrs

What is the control for Brucella?

Vaccination w/ RB51, testing, removal of reactors, depopulation

What is the primary host for bovine genital campy / vibriosis?

Cattle

What is the primary transmission route for vibriosis?

Venereal

What are the key reproductive clinical signs of vibriosis?

Infertility, abortion

Is vibriosis zoonotic? What is the reportable status?

Zoonotic and monitored - report within 30 days

What is the control of vibriosis?

Vaccination available, biosecurity measures

What is the primary host for Chlamydiosis/ enzootic abortion?

goats and sheep

What is the primary transmission route for chlamydiosis?

Ingestion, inhalation, venereal. Shed in placenta/ uterine discharges

What are the key clinical signs of chylamdiosis?

Late term abortion, still birth, weak kids. Most common cause of abortion in goats in USA

What is the zoonotic status and reportable status for chlamydiosis?

Zoonotic and can cause severe issues with pregnant women. Monitored dz

What is the control for chlamysiosis?

Vaccine available for sheep. Isolate and treat animals with tetracycline

What are the main hosts for Q fever?

Cattle, goats, sheep

How is Q fever transmitted?

Airborne, contact with infected animal secretions (milk, urine, feces, birth juices), anything with the spores on it

What are the primary clinical signs of Q fever?

Abortion and stillbirth

What is the zoonotic status and reportable status in Q fever?

Zoonotic and notifiable

What is the control for Q fever?

Vaccination, quarantine, prompt testing, remove abortive materials

What is the primary host for tritrichomonas?

Cattle

How is T. Fetus transmitted?

Venereal

What are the clinical signs associated with T. Fetus?

Infertility and early fetal death. Bulls are asymptomatic carriers

What is the zoonotic status and reportable status of t. Fetus?

Not zoonotic, Notifiable

What is control for t. Fetus?

No effective treatment for bulls- sexual rest. Vaccination reduces shedding. Testing for AI

What is the main host for listeria?

Cattle and sheep

What is the mode of transmission for listeria?

Food borne - ingestion

What are the key clinical signs for listeria?

Neuro sings, abortion, meningitis, still birth

What lesion is associated with listeria?

Perivascular cuffing

What is the control for listeria?

Don’t feed spoiled silage, isolation of sick animals, quick disposal of dead animals, disposal of contaminated beddings, elimination of source

how can humans get listeria?

consuming milk products or cold cuts 

what can listeria cause in humans?

abortion in pregnant women and meningitis

what microorganism causes pizzle rot?

corynebacteria spp.

what are predisposing factors to C. pilosum and C. cystitidis?

high protein diet → ammonia

what is the primary host for trich?

cattle

what is the primary transmission for trich?

venereal

what are the primary hosts for neospora?

dogs are definitive , cattle, sheep, goats are intermediate

how is neosporosis transmitted?

vertical (transplacental), horizontal ( ingestion of oocyts like dog eating the placenta) 

what are the major clinical signs neosporosis?

abortion storms, still birth, weak births with neuro dysfunction

what is the control for neosporosis?

no vaccine. No approved treatment in cattle. Prevent contact bt dogs and cattle

what are the primary hosts in toxo plasma?

definitive are felids, intermediate are sheep/ goats/ cervids/ pigs

how is toxoplasma transmitted?

ingestion of oocyts, congential (transplacental)

what are the main clinical signs of toxo plasma?

abortion, mummification, resorption, still born lambs or kids, necrosis or inflammation of placental cotyledons

what is the control for toxo plasam?

vaccine for ewes, prevent cats from hunting, hygienic measures

what is the primary host for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis? (aka herpes -1)

cattle

what is the transmission for IBR?

respiratory outbreak leading to abortion, venereal

what are the main clinical signs associated with IBR?

abortion storms, pustular vulvovaginitis, abortions following a resp dz, infectious balanoposthitis, conjunctivits 

what kind of virus is BVDV?

pestivirus of flavivirus family that affects cattle.

what are the main clinical signs of BVDV?

fever, depression, decreased milk production, abortion, diarrhea, death, muscosal dz

in what age of infection do calves become persistently infected from BVD>

40 -125 days

what do you do with PIs of BVD?

cull

new calves introduced to the herd have been tested with BVD, what is unique to them?

they have an ear notch where they have been tested via IHC

what animal is blue tongue more severe in?

sheep

what type of virus is blue tongue?

sedoreoviridae

what are the main clinical signs associated with blue tongue?

abortions or malformed lambs if infected during gestation (hydranencephaly and porencephaly )

what is the transmission of blue tongue?

midges (culiocoides) 

what is the main effect of blue tongue on rams?

reduced semen quality  

what should you do with a ram that tests positive for blue tongue?

rest rams after febrile dz until semen normalizes 

what is the primary transmission route for PRRS?

shed in all secretions from infected pigs, direct/ indirect, and horizontal/ vertical  

what are key clinical signs for PRRS?

initially: anorexia, fever, lethargy,

blue ear dz, in nursery pigs : roughened hair coats, reduced growth rates, increased mortality, piglets born after infection will typically die with resp distress, neuro signs

what is the control for PRRS?

biosecurity at individual farm level, biosecurity at pig population level

what type of virus is PRRS?

arterivividae

Betaarterivirus suid 1 is what virus?

The virus that causes Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in pigs.

what is unique to parvo porcine virus?

if pigs were previously infected to virus before, the baby and mom will be immune during pregnancy, and maternal antibodies last for 6 mo (interferes with active immunization)

what are the key clinical signs of PPV?

first sign: naive herd abnormally returning to estrus after breeding

SMEDI (still birth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility), no abortion

what is the control for PPV?

• shed in semen in boars → maintain biosecurity 

• vaccinate

• qPCR screen of semen

how is PPV transmitted?

extremely stable in environment, veneral

B. Canis is a serious problem in?

breeding kennels (venereal)

what is the primary host in border dz?

sheep and goats

what is the clinical presentation for border dz?

abortions, congenial tremors, hairy shakers (PI)

how is border disease transmitted?

venereal

what is the control for border disease?

identify and remove PI animals, closed flock, screen rams before breeding season

The following bacteria are associated with what disease?

• Mannheimia haemolytica

• Pasteurella multocida

• Histophilus somni

• Mycoplasma bovis

Bovine respiratory disease complex

What are the clinical signs associated with BRD?

• lethargy

• Extended head and neck to aid in breathing

• Eye, nose, mouth discharge

• Coughing or labored breathing

• Death without apparent CS

What are the prevention and control measures for BRD?

• stress management

• Early detection and treatment

• Biosecurity

• Vaccination

• Good management practices

What bacteria is associated with Pleuropneumonia?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

What are the clinical signs for pleuropneumonia in swine?

• sneezing

• Coughing

• Reduced growth rates

• Mortalities

What are predisposing factors for pleuropneumonia?

overcrowded and dusty housing

What is the prevention and control for pleuropneumonia?

Improving ventilation, vaccines (reduces the severity)

What diseases are associated with E. Coli (colibacillosis) in cattle?

Neonatal diarrhea (hypersecretory watery feces), mastitis

What diseases are associated with E. Coli (colibacillosis) in pigs?

Neonatal diarrhea, postweaning diarrhea, edema disease

What diseases are associated with E. Coli (colibacillosis) in Lambs?

Neonatal diarrhea

How is E. Coli diagnosed?

Clinical signs, direct microscopy, culture, identification of colonies

To confirm : agglutination test

PCR: confirmation of clinical disease

What is the prevention and control for E. Coli?

• improve hygiene and management

• Sanitation/ disinfection

• Reduce overcrowding

• Vaccine dam

• Ensure colostrum

S. Typhimurium will cause enteritis in what animals?

Cattle and swine

What are clinical signs associated with salmonella in horses?

Diarrhea, endotoxemia, death in foals

Overall what kind of diarrhea will salmonella cause?

Hypersecretion, malabsorption, and exudation

What is the microbe responsible for paratuberculosis (John’s disease)?

M. Adium subp. Paratuberculosis

How does Johne’s disease express itself in a cow?

• calves ingest infective fecal matter

CS appear after 2 yrs of age

• In the herd : clinically ill, asymptomatic shedders, infected but neither ill or shedding

What is the transmission for Johne’s disease?

The pathogen enters a heard when an infected but healthy looking animal is introduce and infection is acquired by young animals

How is Johne’s diagnosed?

Fecal smear and culture, followed by PCR

What is the control for Johne’s disease?

• remove clinical cases

• Cull positive animals

• No treatment :(

What bacteria causes swine dysentery?

Brachyspira hyodsenteriae

What are signs a pig is infected with Brachyspira hyodsenteriae?

• diarrhea ± blood ± mucus

• Reduced growth rates of post weaned pigs

• Sudden death

What is the prevention and control of swine dysentery?

• reduced stocking density

• Improving hygiene levels

• Rodent control

• Antibiotics

Lawsonia intracellularis (proliferative enteropathy) affects what animal?

Pigs

What are the effects from Lawsonia on the pig gut?

• hyperplasia of enterocytes

• Thickening of intestinal wall

• Stiffening and reduced flexibility

What forms of lawsonia intracellularis are in pigs?

• acute hemorrhagic form : porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

• Porcine intestinal adenomatosis : porcine intestinal adenomatosis

What are the signs of lawsonia intracellularis?

Mostly subclinical, mild diarrhea, reduced weight gain