Exam 1 Study Guide: Aging, Leisure, and Identity (Ch 1, 6, 7)

40 vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on aging, leisure, and meaning.

Ulyssean living

A lifestyle in which older adults continue to travel and explore, maintaining independence and mobility.

Successful aging (Duay & Bryan)

engagements with others

coping with changes

maintaining physical, mental and financial health

Positive perception effects on aging

Research showing that optimistic views of aging improve well-being, health, and adjustment in later life.

Negative perception effects on aging

Research showing that negative stereotypes about aging are linked to poorer health, mood, and engagement.

Ageism

Prejudice or discrimination based on age.

Four categories of ageism

Institutional ageism: polices, practices or systems that disadvantage older individuals

Personal ageism: personal beliefs about elderly

intentional ageism: direct discrimination (greeting cards)

unintentional ageism: making assumptions, not considering elderly needs

Rowe & Kahn’s myths on aging

Widely held beliefs about aging that describe inevitable decline, frailty, or passivity; these are myths according to Rowe & Kahn.

Two primary manifestations of ageism

over accommodation : speak slower and high

baby talk: condescending tone, simplified language

Two primary dimensions of stereotypes

Warmth and competence (old people warm but incompetent)

Baby Boomers

Impacting retirement expectations: caregiving, social services, housing and work

Socialization

Process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society or group.

Three components used to define leisure

time: “FREE TIME” without obligations

activity: enjoyable activities that serves a purpose

perception: state of mind, freedom of choice, experience as fulfilling/rewarding

Activity recommendations for older adults

endurance, strength, flexibility, balance and teague

150mins of moderate aerobic a week, 2 days of muscle strengthening

75mins of vigorous aerobic a week, 2 days of muscle strengthening

Three categories of serious leisure

Amateur, arts science, entertainment

hobbyist, arts & crafts, poker, martial arts

volunteer, contribute to community through expertise and skill

Janet McLean’s formula for successful aging

health, meaningful activity, being needed, financial security

Five characteristics of serious leisure

Long-term commitment, significant effort/skill development, personal identity within the activity, challenging, career or progression

Five A’s

acceptance, appreciation, affection, achievement, amusement

FFIGS

fear, frustration, inferiority, guilt,

Generativity

Erikson's concept: actions takes to ensure continuation of self after death, painting, writings, children, traditions

Leisure competency

to realize the benefits of leisure, indiviualds must develop competence, knowledge, attitudes, skills necessary to participate in available activities

Grey Nomads concept

Older adults who travel long-term, often by RV, living a nomadic lifestyle for personal growth. Exploration

McDowell’s four components of leisure well-being

coping: managing boredom and guilt

leisure awareness: reflect on leisure’s role, value, excuses for inaction

knowledge about leisure: breadth, balance, talents, interests, fitness, and pursue new opportunities

assertion: seven rights

Leisure bill of rights

A declaration of rights guaranteeing access to and participation in leisure activities. (to do nothing, to procrastinate, to be uncertain, to be alone)

Whitbourne Model of Identity Formation

leisure can help form and affirm identity

assimilation: incongruent to identity, minimizes experience

accommodation: revises self identity, changes self view

identity balance: helps maintain adaptive aging

Buffer & coping theory

leisure helps benefit health & well being

social support: friendships, convoys

sense of control: freedom and autonomy in choosing and shaping leisure

Circumstances that could negatively impact retirement

1) unplanned involuntary

2) lack of financial resources

3) work

4) poor health

Havighurst’s research on meaningful leisure

PERSONALITY more than age, gender, or social class influence the meanings of activities

Kelly & Godbey’s components of meaning

1) psychological: freedom, enjoyment

2) educational; intellectual challenges

3) social: relationships with others

4) relaxation: relief from stress

5) physiological: fitness, health

6) Aesthetic: design and environment

Gordon & Gaitz’s ‘objectives of leisure’

Relaxation: sleep

Diversion: hobbies

Self development: learning

creativity: crafts and art

sensual transcendence: pursuit of pleasure

Deci & Ryan’s self-determination theory

defines motivation as being energized towards a goal

competence: need to feel effective, capable

autonomy: self organization, self regulation,

relatedness: feel connected, care for and belonging, intrinsic motivation (NOT AS CRUCIAL)

Flow

A state of deep absorption and enjoyment in an activity, often linked to peak performance. skills meet activity

exceeding skills: anxiety

skills exceeding demands: boredom

Seeking & escaping

two fundamental motivational dimensions in leisure

1) seeking: driven by intrinsic rewards (competence, mastery)

2) escaping: driven by the avoidance of undesired environments, work related social demands

Optimal arousal

novelty, incongruity, challenge and uncertainty

sub-optimal: search for new stimuli

supra-optimal: preference for familiar

Types of constraints

Categories of barriers to leisure participation

intrapersonal constraints, cognitive, anxiety and physical

Interpersonal constraints involve social interactions that affect availability

structural constraints refer to external factors like a lack of resources or opportunities. financial + transportation, environment

Breadth & depth hypotheses

Hypotheses about how breadth (variety) and depth (focus) of engagement affect leisure experiences and constraints.

Breadth: degree of personal meaning, increase direct proportion to diversification sources of meaning (range)

Depth: degree of personal meaning will increase in direct proportion to commitment to HIGHER LEVELS OF MEANING

Potential benefits of constraints

enhance resilience + deepen commitment

modifying goals

discovery of previously unattended capacities

changes in attitudes toward life and leisure

unintentional slef constraint for goal achievement

Two kinds of interest appraisals

Novelty complex: experiences that are new, complex or something surprising can be more interesting

Comprehensibility: perceived understanding of an event significantly affects its interests values. Interest are heightened when individuals can grasp and make sense of novel or complex stimuli

Internalized ageism

Internalization of negative age stereotypes by older adults, affecting self-perception.

Intrapersonal constraints

Personal factors such as health, mood, or self-efficacy that limit leisure participation.

Structural constraints

External barriers like transportation, finances, or access that limit participation.