bio exam

Clade Anthozoa

Marine cnidarians, corals and sea anemones, no Medusa stage

Clade Scyphozoa

True jellyfish, dominant Medusa stage

Clade cubozoa

Box jellyfish, cube shaped

Clade Hydrozoa

Diverse cnidarians, polyp dominant life cycles

Phylum Ctenophora

Comb jellies, ciliated rows

Colloblasts

Sticky prey capturing cells unique to ctenophores

Lophotrochozoa

Includes mollusks, annelids, lophophorates

Lophophore

Crown of hollow ciliated tentacles for feeding

Trochophore

Free swimming, swimming larval stage in many protostomes

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Flatworms, Acoelomate, bilateral

Cephalozation

Concentration of sensory organs and brain at head

Flame cells

Excretory cells regulating water balance in flatworms

Protonephridia

Network of tubules for excretion/osmoregulation in simple animals

Hermaphroditic

Individual possesses both male and female reproductive organs

Clade Turbellaria

Mostly free living flatworms, includes planaria and Dugisia

Clade Trematoda

Parasitic flukes, includes Schistosoma, Fasciola, Opisthorchis

Miracidium

Free swimming larval stage infecting first intermediate host

Cercariae

Motile larval stage leaving host to infect next host

Clade Cestoda

Tapeworms

Scolex

Head region of tapeworms

Clade monogenea

Parasitic flatworms, external parasites

Phylum rotifera

Aquatic Psuedocoelomates with ciliated feeding structures

Corona

Ciliated crown on rotifer head for feeding and movement

Mastax

Muscular pharynx with jaws for grinding food

Phylum nemertea

Ribbon worms, free living

Phylum mollusca

Diverse invertebrates, soft bodies, often with shells

Mollusc foot

Muscular structure used for movement or attachment

Mollusc head

Contains sensory organs and mouth region

Visceral mass

Houses internal organs, digestion, excretion, reproduction

Mantle

Tissue layer secreting shell, covering visceral mass

Radula

Tooth like scraping organ used for feeding in most mollusks

Open circulatory system

Hemolymph not confined entirely to vessels

Closed circulatory system

Blood contained within vessels

Nephridia

Excretory organs filtering waste from body fluids

Nephrostome

Funnel opening of nephridium collecting coelomic fluid

Coelom

Fluid filled body cavity fully lined with mesoderm

Tubule

Small tube structure for transport or filtration processes

Sequentially hermaphroditic

Organism changes sex during its lifetime

Trochophore

Ciliated larva common in annelids and mollusks

Annelids

Segmented worms with true coelom and organ systems

Veliger

Mollusk larva with ciliated lobes and developing shell

Clade of mollusks

Four major clades, polyplacophora, Gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda

Polyplacophora

Chitons, 8 plates shells, cling to rocks

Gastropoda

Snails and slugs, torsion, usually single coiled shell

Torsion

Twisting of body, mantle cavity moves over head

Coiling

Spiral shell formation protecting soft body

Bivalvia

Clams, mussels, oysters; two shells, filter feeders

Umbo

Rounded hinge region of bivalve shell

Incurrent siphons

Draw water into bivalve for feeding/respiration

Excurrent siphons

Expel water and waste from bivalve body

Glochidium

Parasitic larval stage attaching to fish hosts

Cephalopoda

Squids, octopuses, nautiloids

Chromatophores

Pigment cells enabling rapid color change for camouflage

Phylum cycliophora

Tiny symbiotic animals living on lobster mouthparts

Lophophorates

animals possessing lophophore feeding structures

Lophophore

Ciliated tentacle crown used in filter feeding

Phylum Ectoprocta

Bryozoans; colonial filter feeders with lophophores

Bryozoans

Colonial aquatic invertebrates forming moss-like colonies

Phylum Brachiopoda

Marine shelled animals with dorsal-ventral shells

Phylum Annelida

Segmented worms with coelom and closed circulation

Annuli

External rings marking segments in annelids

Metameres

Repeated body segments with similar structures

Pharynx

Muscular feeding structure for ingestion of food

Peristaltic

Wave-like muscle contractions moving food or body

Chaetae

Bristle-like structures aiding movement and anchorage

Polychaeta

Marine annelids with many chaetae and parapodia

Excretory system

Paired nephridia remove waste, regulate fluids

Nephridia

Tubular excretory organs in many invertebrates

Parapodia

Lateral appendages for movement and gas exchange

Cephalization

Concentration of nervous tissue at anterior end

Oligochaeta

Earthworms; fewer chaetae, important soil decomposes

Clitellum

Thickened segment secreting mucus for reproduction

Hirudinea

Leeches; segmented, often parasitic, lack chaetae

Tagmatization

Tagmata

Ecdysis

Ommatidia

Ocelli

Simple eyes

Tracheal system

Spiracles

Book lungs

Spiders

Book gills

Horseshoe crabs

Malpighian tubules

Coxal glands

Trilobita

Subphylum in arthropoda, extinct trilobites

Chelicerata

Subphylum in arthropoda, has fangs or pincers

Chelicera

Anteriormost appendages

Class arachnida

In subphylum chelicerata

Order opiliones

Daddy long legs

Order scorpiones

Scorpions

Telson

Stinger of scorpions

Order Araneae

Spiders

Latrodectus

Black widow

Order Acari

Mites and ticks

Class merostomata

Horseshoe crabs

Limulus

Class pycnogonida

Sea spiders, attack cnidarians

Class chilopoda

Centipedes, one pair of legs per segment, poison fangs

Class diplopoda

Millipedes, 2 legs per segment, poison body

Subphylum hexapoda

Insects, 3 body sections, one pair of antennea