Mitosis and Meiosis

What is Mitosis?

Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, ensuring genetic material is equally distributed. It consists of several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. (healing)

what is meiosis?

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes. It consists of two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II, crucial for sexual reproduction.

What occurs during prophase?

During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

what occurs during metaphase?

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and spindle fibers attach to their centromeres, ensuring proper segregation during the next phase.

What occurs during anaphase?

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each new daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

What occurs during telophase?

During telophase, chromosomes decondense back into chromatin, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell prepares to undergo cytokinesis.

What is cell proliferation?

Cell proliferation is the process by which cells divide and reproduce, increasing in number. It is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in organisms.

What part of the cell is meiosis and mitosis splitting?

The cell's nucleus.

what is one chromosome made of?

A single strand of DNA and 2 chromatids.

what does cancer occur from?

Mitosis occuring when it shouldn’t

what are gametes?

Reproductive cells resulting from meiosis, containing half the genetic material of a parent cell. Male one is sperm, Female one is egg. Combined created one full genetic material.

What is a homologous chromosome?

A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same genes at the same loci but may carry different alleles.

What is a diploid?

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, typically represented as 2n. (46)

what is a haploid?

A cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes, represented as n, typical in gametes. (23, half of diploid)

what happens when the homologous chromosomes cross over / tangle? What phase does this occur in?

They exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity. This occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

What does telophase I and II result in?

Telophase I results in two daughter cells, each with half the original chromosome number, while telophase II also yields four haploid gametes, completing meiosis.

mitosis vs meiosis cell result?

Mitosis results in two identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes.

where does mitosis occur? where does meiosis occur?

Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells, while meiosis takes place in germ cells in the reproductive organs.