APUSH TERM 3 VOCAB TEST

Homestead Act

Gave 160 acres of land to anybody who agreed to farm the land.

Pacific Railway Act

Law passed by congress that allowed a railroad from coast to coast

Exoduster

Name given to African Americans who migrated from the south

Frederick Jackson Turner

Historian known for his frontier thesis, believed America could only advance with the individualism fostered by the frontier

Sand Creek Massacre

roughly 700 federal troops attacked a village of 500 Cheyenne and Arapaho on Sand Creek in Colorado. An unprovoked attack on men, women, and children

Battle of Little BigHorn

Sioux troops defeated General Custer after an attack on the sacred lands of the Black Hills.

Ghost Dancer Movement

Belief that by dancing the Native Americans can call the spirits to remove the white people

Wounded Knee

the slaughter of approximately 150–300 Lakota Indians by United States Army troops. Known as the worst massacre in this era.

Dawes Severalty Act

Gave Native Americans a plot of land in return for a promise to become an American citizen after 10 years. An attempt by the gov to break up Native American troops and assimilate.

“A Century of Dishonor”

Written by Helen Hunt Jackson. Exposed the abusive treatment that the Native Americans recieved.

Tuskegee Institute

Founded by Booker T. Washington, it focused on training young black students in agriculture and the trades to help them achieve economic independence.

Plessy v. Ferguson

a United States Supreme Court case that established the precedent of “separate but equal” and provided the legal justification for the expansion of segregation in America

Atlanta Compromise

speech made by Washington in Atlanta that outlined the philosophy that blacks should focus on economic gains, go to school, learn skills, and work their way up the ladder and that Southern whites should help out to create an unresentful people

Niagara Movement

organization of black intellectuals that was led by W.E.B. Du Bois and called for full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans.

Ida B. Wells

Female Black advocate that focused on the lynching of African Americans

Horizontal Integration

Controlling all competition in a particular industry.

Vertical Integration

control of all phases of production

Robber Barron

industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages.

Captain of Industry

a business leader who contributes positively to the country in some way.

Social Darwinism

natural selection

Haymarket Bombing

a bombing in Chicago's Haymarket Square to protest the slayings of two workers during a strike turned into a violent riot after a bomb explosion killed seven policemen.

Pullman Strike

widespread railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the United States

Chinese Exclusion Act

Restricted Chinese immigration for 10 year due to the scare that less jobs would be available for Americans

Tenement Housing

poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived.

Jacob Riis

Wrote “How the Other Half Lives” which exposed the poor living conditions of immigrants

Settlement House Movement

Created by Jane Addams, social house that gave the poor a way to get educated etc.

Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie argued that extremely wealthy Americans like himself had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good

Social Gospel Movement

A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.

Susan B. Anthony

an American social reformer who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies, prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade.

Populist Party

an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country's farmers and agrarian workers.

Panic of 1893

a national economic crisis set off by the collapse of two of the country's largest employers

Coxey’s Army

Members of Coxey's Army marched to Washington to demand that Congress provide relief to the unemployed.

“Cross of Gold”

A speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago that occurred in 1896. Bryan supported bimetallism, or free silver, which he believed would bring the naiton prosperity.

Josiah Strong

He was a leader of the Third Great Awakening and a founder of the Social Gospel movement

Queen Liliuokalani

Overthrown ruler of Hawaii

Alfred T. Mahan

a Naval Admiral who was a very effective advocate of imperialism, believed in a “two sea navy”

Teller Amendment

Stated by the US that if Cuba won the war against Spain, they would have full independence

Yellow Journalism

a label given to a brand of newspaper reporting in the mid to late 1890s that exaggerated news to get the US involved in imperialism

Open Door Policy

the proposition to keep trade in China open equally to trade with all countries, preventing any one nation from controlling trade in the region.

Roosevelt Corollary

a foreign policy statement by Teddy Roosevelt in 1904 that claimed the right of the United States to intervene in the domestic affairs of Western Hemisphere nations to maintain stability.

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, exposed the corruption of the oil industry

Lincoln Steffens

one of the leading muckrakers, exposing corruption in politics and big business.

Robert Lafollette

Governor of Wisconsin nicknamed " Fighting Bob" who was a progressive Republican leader, fought for direct election for senators

16th amendment

Gave congress the power to put income tax

17th amendment

direct election of senetors

18th amendment

prohibited alcohol

19th amendment

women’s suffrage!!

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A fire in 1911 in New York City's Triangle Shirtwaist company. 146 died

“Square Deal”

Theodore Roosevelt’s policy where he did not have a bias over one side or another. He used this tactic for many issues.

Hepburn Act

intended to give power to the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate railroad shipping rates.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Forced companies to label out all the ingredients in a product, increased safety of products

Meat Inspection Act

Law passed to ensure the quality of meat

Newland Reclamation Act

allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.

John Muir

Preservationist, encouraged Roosevelt to protect nature

Bull Moose Party

this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

More specific version of the Hepburn Act, defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor.

Lustiana

a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to enter World War I against the Germans.

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram intercepted by Britain between Germany and Mexico. Germany agreed to give Mexico it’s territories in America back in return for joining the central powers

Fourteen Points

the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. Mentioned the entering of the League of Nations

League of Nations

Created by President Wilson, it was formed to prevent a repetition of the First World War. Ultimately, the US disagreed on the terms of the League, and never joined.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Leader of the reservationists, disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, mostly with the section that called for the League to protect a member who was being threatened.

William Borah

Republican senator Borah from Idaho headed the "irreconcilables," who, as isolationists, refused to support U.S. membership in the League of Nations.

Food Administration

Took measures to conserve food and encouraged Americans to eat less.

Committee on Public Information

A government office during WWI and was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort through arts, led by george creel

Espionage Act

made it a crime to obstruct military recruitment, to encourage mutiny, or to aid the enemy by spreading lies.

Sedition Act

Even stricter than Espionage Act, prohibited disloyal or abusive remarks about the government

Schenck vs. US

the freedom of speech protection afforded in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment could be restricted if the words spoken or printed represented to society a “clear and present danger.”

Great Migration

the widespread migration of millions of African Americans from the South to the North and West during the 20th century

Red Scare

Anti-Communist hysteria

Charles Lindbergh

an American aviator, made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean on May 20-21 1927

Scopes Trial

a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school. Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later. Displayed the fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at the time

Sacco and Vanzetti

Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrants convicted for a crime with very little evidence. Sacco and Vanzetti's guilty verdict reflected the anti-immigrant and anti-radical attitude of American citizens, being sentenced to death only because they were anarchists & of italian origin. Worldwide protests happened as a result.

Immigration Act

limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota.

Ku Klux Klan

major rebirth in 1920s. (mainly b/c they were unhappy w/ the changing of American culture.) the "new" klan was anti-.. foreign, catholic, black, jewish, pacifist, cotlegger, gambling, communist, adultry, birth control, internationalist, and evolutionist.

Lost Generation

the social generational cohort in the Western world that was in early adulthood during World War I. Fled to Paris

Harlem Renaissance

a cultural explosion of African Americans music, art and literature in the early 20thcentury, roughly from the 1910's through the mid-1930's. Centered in the area of New York City known as Harlem, black musicians and artists brought forth both the tunes and tones of African American heritage.

Langston Hughes

A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music.

Marcus Garvey

charismatic Black leader who organized the first important American Black nationalist movement (1919–26), based in New York City's Harlem.

American Federation of Labor

a union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers in 1866.

Knights of Labor

union that was open to any worker, pressed for the eight-hour work day for laborers and an end to child labor

Homestead Strike

a violent strike at the Carnegie Steel Company over a lock out following a decision to cut wages by nearly 20%.

Teapot Dome Scandal

one of the most extreme examples of government corruption in United States history. The issue revolved around oil rich lands at Tea Pot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills California that had been set aside by the government for use by the U.S. Navy as emergency reserves

Flappers

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts.

Speakeasies

An illegal bar where drinks were sold, during the time of prohibition. It was called a Speakeasy because people literally had to speak easy so they were not caught drinking alcohol by the police.

Black Tuesday

This is the name given to October 29, 1929. This date signaled a selling frenzy on Wall Street--the day stock prices had plunged to desperate levels.

Buying on Margin

the practice of allowing investors to purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price (CREDIT) and borrow the rest at high interest rates.

Hawley Smoot Tariff

A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression taxing imported goods.

Bonus March

a protest by several WWI veterans who, in response to the quickly worsening economy, wanted their bonuses early that had been promised to them. marched to DC

CCC

Civilian conservation Corps; employed about 3 million men (between 18-25) to work on projects that benefited the public, planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national parks, etc.

TVA

Tennessee Valley Authority; A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley . It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs.

FDIC

a United States government corporation created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. It provides deposit insurance, which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks. Managed Currency.

SEC

Security & Exchange Commission; New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading.

FHA

Federal Housing Administration. Insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying.

WPA

Works Project Administration; employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects.

Social Security Act

guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65

Father Charles Coughlin

Roman Catholic "radio priest'' who founded the National Union for Social Justice in 1934, promoted schemes for the coinage of silver and made attacks on bankers that carried growing overtones of anti-Semitism.

Huey Long

As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc

“Court-Packing” Bill

Roosevelt's proposal in 1937 to "reform" the Supreme Court by appointing an additional justice for every justice over age 70