Chapter 4

Maxim of Quality

A conversational rule that states speakers should not provide false or misleading information.

Maxim of Quantity

A conversational rule that suggests speakers provide the right amount of information, not too much or too little.

Maxim of Relevance

A conversational rule that indicates speakers should only provide information relevant to the topic.

Maxim of Manner

A conversational rule urging speakers to be clear and orderly in their communication.

Which two maxims were added later?

Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Manner.

Proxemics

The study of personal space in conversations.

Kinesics

The study of bodily movement in conversations including hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact.

Paralanguage

Nonverbal vocal cues in conversation, such as loudness of voice, silences, and rates of speech.

Tag questions

Questions added at the end of statements, often reflecting a lack of confidence or seeking agreement, e.g., 'It's nice, isn't it?'

Qualifiers

Words or phrases that soften statements, e.g., 'possibly' or 'potentially,' often perceived as passive.

Negative Stereotyping

Stereotyping that casts a negative light and limits discussion to negative attributes.

Understanding in communication

The sense that conversational partners share sufficient experience to understand each other's perspectives.

Power Dynamics

The influence and distribution of power in communication that can create feelings of powerlessness.

Contact Culture

A cultural theme in Latinx communication emphasizing physical presence and closeness.

Emotional Expressiveness

A cultural theme in Latinx communication that values open emotional expressions.

Use of Sayings

A cultural theme in Latinx communication emphasizing the use of proverbs and idiomatic expressions.

Cultural devices outside of verbal communication

Elements such as culture, music, and art that communicate values and beliefs.

Advantages of being bilingual

Includes better performance in conflict resolution and a degree of protection against cognitive decline.

Disadvantages of being bilingual

Includes smaller vocabularies in languages and more frequent 'tip of tongue' moments.