APUSH - Per 6 - VQ 1

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Promontory Point

Located in Utah, it is the point where the Union Pacific and Central pacific railroads met to connect the atlantic and pacific states.

Homestead Act (1862)

this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30

Indian Wars

1850 to 1890; series of conflicts between the US Army / settlers and different Native American tribes

Battle of Little Bighorn

In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died

Battle of Wounded Knee

US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.

Dawes Act (1887)

tried to civilize Indians and make them more little settlers by giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture

Indian Reservations

Indians were sent to reservations to "protect their culture". In reality, these reservations just pulled Indians off of lands the whites wanted and kept them separate from American society.

Chief Joseph

Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations

Geronimo

Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)

Helen Hunt Jackson

United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885)

Boomtowns

Communities that grew suddenly when a mine opened

Exodusters

African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas.

Tenant Farming (New South)

Agricultural system in the new south where a landowner rented out parts of their land in exchange for animals or equipment, and in return gave the renters a portion of the crops.

Crop-lien System

System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans.

Bessemer Process

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

Andrew Carnegie

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Standard Oil

Established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

J.P. Morgan

Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Horizontal Integration

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

Trust

A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition.

Monopoly

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.