OH3: Dental Anatomy Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from OH3 Dental Anatomy, including tooth and oral cavity structures, skull bones, muscles of mastication and facial expression, and related conditions.

What topics have been covered in OH3 Dental Anatomy to date?

Tooth structures, supporting structures, deciduous and permanent dentitions, the oral cavity, soft tissues conditions, conditions of the oral cavity, saliva/glands/ducts, muscles of mastication, dental charting, tooth morphology, the skull (facial & cranial bones), and the mandible.

Name the four pairs of muscles of mastication.

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial pterygoid, and Lateral pterygoid.

Name some of the key bones that make up the skull.

Nasal, Frontal, Parietal, Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Maxilla, Temporal, Occipital, and Mandible.

Which bone forms the forehead?

The Frontal Bone.

What common name is given to the Zygoma bones?

The cheekbones.

Where are the Temporal Bones located?

One plate on either side of the skull.

Which bone forms the base of the skull?

The Occipital Bone.

What is the Mental Foramen on the mandible?

An opening (for nerves/vessels) located on the outer aspect of the mandible, inferior to the premolars.

Name two key foramina found on the palatal aspect of the Maxilla.

The Incisive foramen and the Greater Palatine Foramen.

What is the primary function of the muscles of mastication?

To close the mouth and effect chewing movements, running from the cranium to the mandible.

Differentiate between a muscle's Point of Origin and Point of Insertion.

The Point of Origin is where the muscle is connected to the cranium or face, while the Point of Insertion is the other end connected to the mandible.

Describe the origin, insertion, and action of the Masseter muscle.

Originates from the outer surface of the zygomatic arch, inserts into the outer surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible, and its action is to close the mouth.

Describe the origin, insertion, and action of the Temporalis muscle.

Originates from the temporal bone of the cranium, inserts into the coronoid process (passing under the zygomatic arch), and its action is to pull the mandible backwards to close the mouth.

Describe the origin, insertion, and action of the Medial Pterygoid muscle.

Originates from the medial pterygoid plate, inserts into the inner surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible, and its action is to close the mouth.

Describe the origin, insertion, and actions of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle.

Originates from the base of the cranium (lateral pterygoid plate), inserts into the head of the condyle (into the TMJ), and its actions include pulling the mandible forward (for incisal edge to edge biting) and swinging the mandible from side to side.

What are some common symptoms associated with Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) dysfunction?

Head pain, eye pain, ear pain (ringing, dizziness), teeth clenching/grinding, jaw clicking/popping, limited opening, face pain, and muscle stiffness.

What is the general function of the muscles of facial expression?

They lie within the soft tissues of the face, allowing us to make various facial expressions.

Which muscle is responsible for closing the eye?

Orbicularis Oculi.

Which muscle encircles the mouth and helps with lip movements?

Orbicularis Oris.

Which cheek muscle helps hold food in the mouth during eating?

The Buccinator muscle.

Which facial muscle originates from the zygomatic bone and is used in smiling, drawing the upper lip backward, upward, and outward?

Zygomaticus minor.

Describe the Mentalis muscle.

It is a paired conical facial muscle located in the chin.

What is Trismus, and what are some conditions related to it?

Trismus is a painful condition of limited mouth opening. It can be associated with pericoronitis, post-surgical extraction, mumps (viral infection of the parotid salivary gland), bruxism, clicking jaw, and arthritis.