History of Architecture, Urbanism, and Art, Drury University Test 3

Saint Foy

Conques, France, Ca. 1124-1135. Romanesque pilgrimage church typology. Wrapping aisles, crossing tower, Radiating Chapels and transverse arches. Smaller city so smaller church.

The last Judgment

a sculpture of the judgment after death with right being heaven and left hell (located on church entrances ex. saint foy)

Crossing

where the transept and the nave intersect with tower above this that brings in light

Wrapping Aisles

aisles that go around nave and transept used as a passing lane for pilgrims.

Radiating/Asidial Chaples

place where pilgrims can have a moment of private pray (back of church)

Romanisc Church

Uses rounded roman arches and barrel vaults.

Pilgrimage churches

Often not elaborate and used one material similar to Cistercian monasteries. On pilgrimage routes and usually hold some type of relic.

Relic

A body part or an object from a saint that is used for veneration by christians.

Reliquary

the object that contains a relic (display for people to see).

Choir of the Church of Saint Denis

Paris, France, 1135-1144. Case study/trying new building innovations. Great emphasis on light because of Abbot Sugar and starts getting more out of material. More space for windows on walls. Gothic Church that has pointed arches, groin vaults, ribs, boss, and colonettes.

Codex of Calixtinus

A manuscript (Authored by Abbey of Cluny) plus a guidebook for Pilgrams.

Gothic Church

Uses new innovations like stained glass, pointed arches, groin vaults, ribs, compound piers, and bosses.

pointed arch

lighter/thinner version of an arch that allows more light less material and is stronger

groin vault

Like a barrel vault but with pointed arches

ribs

marks intersections of pointed arches

boss

intersection of ribs

Notre Dame, Chartres

France, 1194-1220, the relic here is the cloak of virgin Mary. Asymmetric towers on the facade that differ on both sides as you go up. Massive fire in 1194 the started the rebuilding. Outside uses portals, jambs, and tracery and inside uses wheel windows, stained glass, quatrefoil, fleur de lis, and flying buttress. Gothic.

Portals

A monumental entryway to a building/doors to cathedral

Jambs

sculptures around portals

Tracery

Stone Structure holds glass in place.

Flying Buttress

an arch or half arch that is attached to a wall to channel weight away from the body of the building. (allows increased surface for windows)

Quatrefoil

a four-foil shape, a symbol Christians saw as representing the four Gospel writers or as representing the cross.

Fleur de lis

stylized lily emblem of royal house (secular & religious)

Notre Dame, Paris

France, 1163-1345, Damaged but not destroyed. Restoration on inside with anisaline. Rebuilding of spire with 250 year old wood that was strategically chosen. Restoration of Organ done by many different shops working on it. Lead sarcophagus found under the building with very well preserved body (maybe a very elite person). Decontamination of lead oxide from the fire

Sainte Chapelle

Paris, France, 1242-1248, a royal chapel attached to a palace that is very small but very advanced. Bottom floor was for common people with barely any windows but lots of color, and upper floor was for the royals that had lots of windows and tall walls. Used tracery and gargoyles. Gothic.

Peace of Constance

1183 turning point in Italy, Legislative, economic, and judicial consequences (created city republic and Duchy)

Siena

Italy, 1183 after peace of Constance, encircled by a wall, city divided into 3 because it was built on top of a hill. Contains Palazzo Publico, Campanile, Fonte Gaia, campo, and duomo.

Palazzo Publico

Siena, Italy, 1297, center of the city, made for civic assembly but also some religious ceremonies, at the place where all arteries intersected, so that no one could claim it because it was available to all.

Campanile

Bell tower for communication that had different patterns and tones for different events.

Campo

piazza or a public square

Fonte Gaia

Fountian that provides fresh water to the people placed in the Plazza with others throughout the city.

Town hall typology

City republics, cited on a square/piazza. The facade has a fortified quality ex. crenelations and high/less windows. Inclusion of a loggia where legislators address the public.

The Effects of Good/Bad Government, Lorensetti

Palazzo Publico, Siena, Italy, 1338-1340, a painting on the inside walls of the town hall that is supposed to remined the legislators of virtue by showing good vs bad government. A combination of civic and religious. Done in Fresco.

Duomo, Siena

Italy, 1226-1380, cladding of the building is black and white striped to recall the coat of arms. Pointed arches, large windows, very large b/c it was made for the entire city. Started expansion but never finished it because of the plague.

Ablaq

Alternating bands of contrasting colored masonry used on mosques and madrassas

Palazzo dei Consoli

Gubbio, Italy, 1332-1341, smaller version of a town hall, located in the hills built on a platform. Loggia built into the hall. Most of the windows are at the top of the building.

Florence

Italy, founded 52 CE, Castrum plan to show founded by Rome (originally a place where military generals to retire), city walls rebuilt many times and grew over time even after Roman empire fell.

Dominican Friery

Santa Maria Novella (North West) extension of the church that clothed and cared for the poor.

Franciscan Friery

Santa Croce (South East) extension of the church that clothed and cared for the poor.

Palazzo Vecchio/Palazzo della Signoria

Florance, Italy, 1298, has a street connection to the Duomo, after the Uberti family tried to make the city republic a Dutchy city built the town hall where their house was. Faced with stone, high windows, crenelations, and machicolations. Grew over time as Florance become more powerful.

Loggia dei Lanzi

Florence, Italy, 1376-1382, detached from the town hall but very large and monumental. Large b/c Florence is more powerful, and wealthy so has more diplomats visit.

machicolations

On the town hall in Florance, projection wall off of the building that has trapdoors on the bottom for soldiers to shoot arrow or poor boiling water. (Defense)

Venetian Republic (Venice)

16th century. Made empire in desire for trade routes and need land to get wood, grow crops, and have cattle. Made up of 120 islands and made artificial land masses. Each island had a Parish Church, a public square, and network of streets. Islands were connected by bridges.

Jacopo de’ Barbari, View of Venice

Ca. 1500, a print that shows the ariel view of the city.

Antonio de Ponte, Rialto Bridge

Venice, Italy, 1591, the only bridge that crossed the grand canal in early years. Not only for foot traffic/circulation but also had shops on it.

Palazzo Ducale (Doge’s Palace)

Venice, Italy, 9th century - 1600, town hall where main legislative bodies met. Called Doge’s place b/c Doge and family lived there. Gov wanted to keep eye on them to ensure no abuse of power. Bottom and 2nd level open (not defensive). Material was light and decorative. Large area in front for people to gather on land but also on the water as well (so 2 faces).

Doge

Venice’s “head of state” it is a city republic but has a Doge that was elected by the people. They organized the business of the legislative body. Elected for a life term, but usually elected later in life due to more experience and to have a shorter term.

Drunkenness of Noah

Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy, like Siena town hall with the good and bad government painting. Based on the bible story of Noah. Gives warning legislators to take their jobs seriously.

Modern Venice problems

High tide/agua alta, saltwater compromising brick integrity, flooding in cities (use of platforms), big commercial cruise ships, and Graffiti on historic buildings.

Portego

1st floor (not bottom floor) living space in a common venetian building.

Piano Noble

The length of the home/portego

Casa Fondaco

Typical merchant house - bottom floor merchandise store front, portego, top floor apartments/servants