APUSH Federalist Era to Era of Good Feelings TEST

Washington's Definition of the Presidency

George Washington set the precedent for being the President of the United

States. He humbly served two terms and appointed the first cabinet. Washington stayed out of Congress' way and

supported the United States' isolationist stance in world affairs.

Secretary of Treasury Hamilton

Hamilton was appointed in 1789, when the nation's economy was in shambles. In

1790, he submitted to Congress a Report of the Public Credit that provided for the payments of all debts assumed during

the war. He wanted a national bank and encouraged manufacturing through financial government protection.

Secretary of State Jefferson

As Secretary of State for Washington's first term, Thomas Jefferson wanted to establish

reciprocal trade agreements with European nations and deny it to the British. This plan, in 1783, died in Congress, along

with his other plans to try to manipulate the European countries. He resigned after the Citizen Genet scandal.

Hamilton's Legacy

Hamilton's devices for restoring the credit of the nation led to great monetary gains for merchants,

speculators, and others working in the port cities. The government's takeover of state debts freed those of New England,

New Jersey, and South Carolina from harsh taxes.

Tariff of 1789

A revenue raising tariff enacted by Congress, it encouraged the people of the U.S. to manufacture

earthenware, glass, and other products in their home in order to avoid importation. With a duty of 8.5%, the tariff

succeeded in raising much needed funds for Congress

Bank of the U.S.

Chartered by the newly formed federal government, the bank was established in Philadelphia in 1791,

and was permitted by the government to issue legal tender bank notes that could be exchanged for gold. The bank

successfully established a national currency, but the charter ended in 1811, for economic and political reasons.

Report on Manufacturers

Presented to Congress in 1791, by Alexander Hamilton, the report suggested that protective

tariffs on imports from foreign lands would lead Americans to produce more in their homelands, thus building national

wealth and attracting foreigners.

Report on Public Credit

Hamilton submitted his report to Congress in 1790, hoping to seize it as an opportunity to

rebuild the country's credit base. He reported that the US was 54 million dollars in debt: 12 million to foreigners, and the

rest to Americans. On top of that, he estimated that the states held debts of over 25 million dollars.

Whiskey Rebellion

An organized resistance in 1794, to the excise tax on whiskey in which federal revenue officials were

tarred and feathered, riots were conducted, and mobs burned homes of excise inspectors. The federal militia captured

many of the protesters, but most were released.

French Revolution

The revolution was a period consisting of social and political upheaval from 1789-1799. Caused by

the inability of the ruling class and clergy to solve the states problems, the hunger of the workers, the taxation of the poor,

and the American Revolution, it led to the establishment of the First Republic and the end of the monarchy.

Neutrality Proclamation

Issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, the Neutrality Proclamation stated

that the United States would remain a neutral faction in the war with France against Britain and Spain despite heavy

French pressures to join their forces. Many Americans felt the war to be a violation of their neutrality.

Jay's Treaty

Negotiated between the United States and France in 1794, the treaty evacuated British posts in the West,

appointed a committee to set up the U.S.-French boundary, and named a commission to determine how much the British

should pay for illegally seizing American ships. It did not resolve the British West Indies trade dispute.

Barbary Pirates

Following the American Revolution, the Barbary pirates began to raid the ships of the United States.

The United States therefore formed treaties with Morocco, Tripoli, and Tunis, as European nations already had, that gave

them immunity from these attacks.

Tripolitan War

From 1801-1805, the war was a battle between the North African state Tripoli and the United States. The

Tripolitans had seized U.S. ships in the U.S. refusal to pay in increase in the tribute paid to the pasha of Tripoli. In the

end, the demand for payment was ended and the U.S. paid $60,000 to free Americans caught captive.

Washington's Farewell Address

In his realization of the important role that he had take in developing the role of the

president of the United States, Washington's farewell address asked the citizens of the United States to avoid involvement

in political problems between foreign nations.

Washington's Definition of the Presidency

Defined the presidency as a humble position of service, emphasizing neutrality and cabinet governance

Secretary of Treasury Hamilton

Appointed in 1789, Hamilton restored the economy by proposing debt repayment, founding a national bank, and promoting manufacturing

Secretary of State Jefferson

As Washington's Secretary of State, Jefferson sought reciprocal trade deals and opposed British favoritism but resigned after the Citizen Genet affair

Hamilton's Legacy

Restored national credit and enriched merchants and speculators, relieving certain states of heavy taxes

Tariff of 1789

Raised revenue through an 8.5% import tax that encouraged domestic manufacturing and funded Congress

Bank of the U.S.

Chartered in 1791, it issued banknotes, stabilized national currency, and improved credit before its charter ended in 1811

Report on Manufacturers

Hamilton's 1791 proposal for protective tariffs to grow domestic industry and national wealth

Report on Public Credit

Hamilton's 1790 plan to repay $54 million in debt and assume state debts to strengthen U.S. credit

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 protest against the whiskey excise tax that saw violent resistance until federal forces intervened

French Revolution

A 1789-1799 uprising against monarchy and inequality that inspired global democratic ideals but caused political turmoil

Neutrality Proclamation

Washington's 1793 statement declaring U.S. neutrality in the France-Britain conflict despite French pressure

Jay's Treaty

A 1794 U.S.-British agreement that removed western British forts but failed to resolve trade issues

Barbary Pirates

North African raiders who attacked U.S. ships, prompting treaties for protection similar to those of European powers

Tripolitan War

A 1801-1805 conflict with Tripoli over tribute demands, ending with reduced payments and ransom for captured Americans

Washington's Farewell Address

Urged Americans to avoid foreign alliances and internal political divisions while maintaining national unity.