A+ 1201

Modular Batteries (Easy or not to replace)

Easy to replace since they are modular

Built In Batteries

Difficult to replace as they are integrated into the device.

2 Types of Laptop batteries, what are they

Lithium Ion & Lithium Ion Polymer

Features of Laptop Batteries

Lithium Ion & Lithium Ion Polymer, no memory effect with batteries

Laptop Keyboard Replacement

May need to unscrew a few screws and remove a ribbon cable to replace.

Simple troubleshoot for laptop keyboards broken

Use an external keyboard

SO-DIMM

Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module

Difference between Soldered memory and modular memory?

Soldered is soldered into the board. If it were needed to be replaced, the entire board would need replaced.

Modular memory is modular meaning it can be removed and changed.

What does HDD stand for?

Hard-Drive Disk

What does SSD stand for?

Solid State Drive

Installing HDD?

Remove a few screws and slide into place

Installing M.2 (laptop)

Singular mounting screw

What is cloning?

To transfer data from an old drive to a new SSD, use imaging or cloning software. This can duplicate the entire system’s data onto the new drive. 

What is the card used for wifi in a laptop or card?

802.11 - often plugged into a PCI slot

Modular Wireless Cards

Wireless cards that are modular and can be swapped out if damaged or needs upgraded

Antenna Wires in a laptop

Often wrapped around the display of a computer

What is NFC?

Near-Field Communication (Apple Pay, Keycards, etc.)

What does USB stand for?

Universal Serial Bus

What is USB used for?

USB is widely used for charging, data transfer, and device synchronization. 

What is USB-C?

The modern standard, with 24 pins, is reversible (can be plugged in either way) and supports faster speeds. It can transmit video (DisplayPort, HDMI), data, and more. 

What is a lightning connector?

Apple product used in older apple devices for charging and data sync. Was a faster charger at the time with reversible entry of the cable.

How far away does NFC work?

a few centimeters

What is a Hotspot?

A mobile phone providing internet access to multiple devices. 

What is Tethering?

A mobile phone providing internet access to only one device at a time. 

What does a Stylus do?

provides more precise control compared to using fingers on a touch screen. Can sometimes detect pressure sensitivity or extra buttons for function.

What does TRRS stand for?

Tip Ring Ring Sleeve

What is TRRS used in and what is it?

Often used with headsets (Wired) it is the jack for the computer. Sometimes may need a TRRS→ 3.5 adapter

What is a docking station?

Allow you to easily connect and disconnect your laptop without managing individual cables. 

Typically provide additional ports (USB, video, network) and may support full-size adapter cards.

 Ideal for office setups where you frequently move your laptop. 

What is a port replicator?

• More portable than docking stations and connect via USB. 

• Typically offer basic connectivity options like USB, audio, SD card reader, and video output. 

  • Works with almost any laptop or desktop. 

What is a Digitzier?

Drawing pad, allows precise input with a stylus

What is a cellular network?

Mobile phones use cellular networks where the land is divided into “cells,” each with its own antenna.

These antennas communicate using different frequencies, providing both voice and data connections.

3G (1998)

Allowed larger data transmission, enabling GPS, mobile TV, video on demand, and video conferencing.

4G LTE

Known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), provided faster data speeds (up to 150 Mbps), improving the quality of services like streaming and gaming. LTE-A (Advanced) boosted speeds to 300 Mbps.

What does LTE stand for?

Long-Term Evolution

5G (2020)

The latest and fastest network with speeds up to 10 Gbps (or 100–900 Mbps over other frequencies). 5G supports IoT (Internet of Things) devices with much more data capacity, making things like smart homes, real-time notifications, and cloud processing more efficient.

What does IoT stand for?

Internet of Things

What does SIM stand for?

Subscriber Identifier Module

What is a SIM? (not abbreviation)

A small card inside your phone that identifies your device to the mobile network. It holds your phone number, carrier info, and even contacts and messages. 

You can transfer your SIM from one phone to another, keeping your number and data. 

What does eSIM stand for?

embedded subscriber identifier module

What does an eSIM do? (not abbreviation)

A digital version of the SIM, built into the phone. It cannot be physically removed but can be transferred using software. eSIM makes it easier to switch networks or phones without needing a physical card. 

What does GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

What does GPS do?

Uses satellites to determine your location (latitude, longitude, and altitude).

How many satellites must GPS have to work?

It requires signals from at least four satellites for accurate readings.

Alternative GPS methods?

Cellular triangulation - can estimate where you are between cell towers.

WiFi can provide GPS when low signal

What does MDM stand for?

Mobile Device Management

What does Mobile Device Management (MGM) do?

An MDM solution helps system administrators manage mobile devices in an organization. It can control both company-owned and BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) phones.

What are key features of MDM?

• Set policies on which apps are allowed or restricted. 

• Control or disable functions like the camera, GPS, or screen lock. 

• Manage security settings, like requiring a PIN or screen lock for access. 

• Partitioning personal and corporate data

What does COPE stand for?

Corporate Owned Personally Enabled

What is COPE in terms of mobile devices?

• In this model, the company owns the mobile devices and assigns them to employees. 

  • The company has full control over the device but may allow employees to use the device for personal purposes as well. 

What does OTA mean?

Over the Air

What is Over the Air (OTA) Synchronization

Backup and Restore: MDM allows data to be backed up and restored over the air, ensuring that the device can be restored in case it is damaged or replaced. 

Best Practices for monitoring mobile device battery?

Track battery health with third party apps or built in tools

monitor charging cycles or battery capacity/health

check for swelling, overheating or failure to charge

Tool to check the health of a computer storage device.

S.M.A.R.T

Easiest method to check wireless card performance on a mobile device?

Look at the signal on the device.

Mobile Device bluetooth is located where?

integrated into the Wi-Fi card or directly into the motherboard

Ways to troubleshoot NFC issues?

Enabled on device

check for dirt on sensor

use a known working NFC device to test

NFC enables what?

contactless payment

device pairing and data exchange

access control/authorization

What does IP stand for?

Internet Protocol

What does IP do?

Its the primary protocol thtat moves data across networks. It’s like a truck that is transporting information.

What does IP transport?

Sends data packets(boxes) across networks. Can be through ethernet, Wi-Fi or DSL.

These packets contain a payload which carries data like TCP or UDP.

What is Encapsulation?

Refers to the process of adding headers and trailers around data.

At the ethernet level its saying where the data stops and ends.

What is Decapsulation?

When the data reaches its destination the receiving device unpacks the layers to retrieve what the original message was

What does TCP stand for?

Transmission Control Protocol

What does TCP do?

connection-oriented protocol, meaning it establishes a connection before sending data and ensures the data is received correctly.

Why use TCP?

It’s reliable and makes sure the data is delivered correctly and if it isn’t, there will be acknowledgement and error correction.

Built in Flow control to not overwhelm receiving device.

What does UDP stand for?

User Datagram Protocol

What is UDP?

connectionless protocol. There’s no formal connection setup. Sends data without confirming it was received.

Why use UDP?

Unreliable delivery, no acknowledgement the message was received. Good for Real-time applications. Thinks like VoIP (Voice Over IP) or streaming.

What are Port Numbers?

They are like house addresses on a server that tell where the data should go.

Number range of Well-Known Ports?

0-1023

Number ranges of Ephemeral ports?

1024-65535

What are Ephemeral Ports?

Temporary ports used by clients for a session. Randomly assigned for a specific communication and are discarded after the session ends.

What does FTP stand for?

File Transfer Protocol

What port or ports is FTP?

TCP Port 20 used for active data transfer

TCP Port 21 used for control commands (admin functions)

What does FTP require?

Authentication, can also support anonymous logins.

What does SSH stand for?

Secure Shell

What Port or Ports is SSH?

TCP Port 22 - used for encrypted remote command line administration.

What did SSH replace?

Telnet protocol. Telnet does not encrypt data leaving it vulnerable

What is Telnet?

Used for remote command line administration. Does not encrypt data. Data is sent as clear test.

What Port or Ports is Telnet?

TCP Port 23 - used for remote command line administration but does not encrypt data.

What does SMTP stand for?

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

What port or ports does SMTP use?

TCP Port 25 - used to send email from one server to another. Can transfer mail to servers or local devices as well.

What does DNS stand for?

Domain Name System

What is DNS?

Used to resolve domain names into IP Addresses. Crucial because we rarely remember ip addresses and use full qualified domain names. (EX: Google→192.168.1.1)

What port or ports does DNS use?

UDP Port 53

What does DHCP stand for?

Dynamic House Configuration Protocol

What does DHCP do?

Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices in a network/

What port or ports does DHCP use?

UDP Port 67 (server side)

UDP Port 68 (Client side)

What does HTTP and HTTPS stand for?

HyperText Transfer Protocol and HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

What port or ports does HTTP and HTTPS use?

TCP port 80 - non encrypted communcation for websites (HTTP)

TCP Port 443 Encrypted communcation for websites. (HTTPS)

What does HTTP and HTTPS do?

non encrypted and encrypted communcation for websites.

What does POP3 stand for?

Post Office Protocol

What does POPS do?

Typically downloads emails and removes them from a server.

What port or port numbers is POP3?

TCP Port 110 - used for receiving emails from mail servers.

What does IMAP stand for?

Internet Message Access Protocol

What does IMAP do?

Used for receiving emails but unlike POP3 - allows for synchronization between multiple devices and folders.

What port or ports does IMAP use?

TCP Port 143

What does SMB / CIFS stand for?

Server Message Block / Common Internet File System

What port or ports does SMB / CIFS use?

TCP Port 445

What do older windows systems use for SMB / CIFS? (Port)

They use NetBIOS for file sharing which is Ports 137-139.