Psych of women exam 1

Alpha Bias

Emphasizes the differences in men and women, rooted in biology. Historically- used to create disparity. Modern- need to appreciate & understand differences

Beta Bias

Women & men are alike in intellect & social behaviors, and differences are from socialization, not biology

Gender Roles

Cultural beliefs applies to individuals on the basis of their socially assigned sex

Sex

Differences in genetic composition, anatomy, & reproductive function

Gender Binary

Two distinct & opposing groups

Gender

Characteristics & traits socioculturally considered appropriate

Gender Identity

Person’s internal sense of their own gender

Agentic Traits

reflects a concern with accomplishing tasks

Communal Traits

reflects a concern about other people

Discrimination

unjustified positive or negative behavior towards a group and its members

Gender Stereotypes

set of shared cultural beliefs about men’s/women’s behavior, personality, looks, interests, etc.

Masculine Generic Language

male terms inclusive of all

Self-objectification

habitual/chronic preoccupation with self-surveillance

Prejudice

positive or negative evaluation of a group & its members

Sexism

Differential beliefs, attitudes, & behaviors toward a person based on their sex or gender

Oppression

systematic pattern of prejudice and discrimination

Internalization

values & ideas in the environment integrated into self-concept

Stereotype Threat

fear of confirming stereotype can lead to behavior confirming the stereotype

Self-fulfilling prophecy

unconscious expectations of others can shape and elicit behaviors that confirm expectations

Hostile Sexism

negative, hostile attitudes & stereotypes: “women are stupid”

Benevolent Sexism

beliefs/stereotypes seen as kind/good: “women are kind/good w kids”

Ambivalent Sexism

both positive and negative attitudes: “women are weak so we need to protect them”

Spotlighting

emphasizing gender as a qualifier

Stereotypes

assumption that all are the same, no variability

Doing Gender

Gender (vs. sex) is something one actually engages in

Female Gaze

women scrutinizing other women

Male Gaze

phenomenon of women being the ones observed, on display, or under scrutiny

The goal of feminism

eliminate discrimination and oppression. Differences: sources of inequality