Fungi

fungus

• single/multicellular

• cell wall w/ chitin

• reproduce sexually/asexually through spores

• heterotrophs

• some are carnivorous

what can fungi do

• secrete digestive enzymes into their substrate

  • external digestion

• break down cellulose & lignin

external digestion

used to absorb the molecules of broken-down food through cell walls & plasma membrane

hyphae

long, slender filaments used to obtain nutrients from a food source

mycelium

mass of connected hyphae that grows through & digest its substrate

septa

hyphae divided into separate cells by walls

coenocytic

hyphae that are large elongated multinucleated cells; multiple nuclei w/in a single cell

what are the 2 places hyphaes are located

1. reproductive structure

   • fruiting body (dense)

2. vegetative structure

   • mycelium (loose)

what are the live food sources of fungi

• symbiosis

  • mutualistic

  • parasitic

  • commensal

what are the dead food sources of fungi

• decomposers

parasitic fungi

cause disease in humans, animals, plants, & other fungi

heterokaryotic

a cell/hyphae that contains two genetically distinct nuclei

Sexual Reproduction of Fungi

what are the 5 major Fungal Phyla (-mycota) that are based on mode of sexual mechanisms

1. Chytridiomycota

2. Zygomycota

3. Glomeromycota

4. Ascomycota

5. Basidiomycota

Phylum Chytridiomycota

swimming gametes & spores

• chytrids → possible link between aquatic protists & fungi

Phylum Glomeromycota

asexual spores at hyphal tip

• mycorrhizae

mycorrhizae

fungi associated with plant roots

what are 2 types of endophytic fungi

1. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2. ectomycorrhizal fungi

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

penetrate the root cells to create structures called arbuscules

ectomycorrhizal fungi

form a protective sheath around the root exterior

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

fungal hyphae inside of cells of the orchid root

ectomycorrhizal fungi mutualism with fungi

• exchange sugars

  • sheath

  • between cells

  • temperate regions

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mutualism with fungi

• exchange for sugar

  • pipeline

  • between plasma membrane & cell wall

  • tropical regions

Phylum Zygomycota

• zygosporangia

  • sexual & asexual

  • zygosporagium

  • black bread mold; fruit/veggie loss

Phylum Zygomycota

zygosporangium: wall that surrounds zygotes