AP Euro 0&1

Great Famine

A terrible famine in 1315-1322 that hit much of Europe after a period of climate change.

Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

Dance of death

a medieval dance in which a skeleton representing death leads a procession of others to the grave

Fall of Constantinople

Finally overcome by the Ottoman turks in 1453 after constant attack by Germanic/European tribes, Persians and Muslims

childbirth

women and kids were malnourished. 1/5 of children died before 1st birthday and 1/2 died before 10. Life expectancy was 40 if you made it.

Wet Nurses

A woman who breastfeeds a infant that is not her own. Only available to kids from rich families who didn't want the burden to taking care of kids.

Flagellanti

inflicting penance (pain) upon oneself in order to keep the plague away

Pograms

an organized, often officially encouraged massacre or persecution of a minority group, especially one conducted against Jews, often used to redirect public anger from the government. Jews had to wear hats and badgest

Holy Roman Empire

The church declared an alliance with the HRE to protect them as Christianity's savior and then, in turn, legitimized the HRE.

Philip the 4th/ the fair

Philip makes the Estates General, kidnaps the Pope, and sends a ransom

Boniface 8th

issues a papal bull against Philip 4th, but then gets kidnapped by the French

papacy in Avignon

became more corrupt, and the bureaucracy was more extravagant.

william of Ockham

English philosopher and theologian, rejected the Pope's power in the secular realm, nominalist, wrote "Summa Logicae". The easiest answer is best answer. Concept of freedom of speech and individual rights.

Free spirits

believed in mysticism and that all things returned to god. Roamed in the low countries (belgium, rhineland, netherlands). Inquisitions on them.

Beguines/Beghards

lay men and women respectively who lived together in semi-monastic communities that were usually not under the authority of a local bishop. Also got inquisitions.

Great Western Schism

A division in the Latin (Western) Christian Church between 1378 and 1417, when rival claimants to the papacy existed in Rome and Avignon. (p. 411)

Gregory 11th

The last pope at Avignon. Left for Rome but died on the way

John Wycliffe

(c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope.

Wat Tyler and John Ball

(Died June 15, 1381) Leader of the English Peasant's Revolt of 1381, also known as Tyler's Rebellion, against King Richard II's poll tax in June 1381. The uprising ended when Tyler was killed during negotiations.

Council of Constance

the council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church that was called by the HRE

conciliarism

groups of cardinals got power over the pope bc they were allowed to convene w/o their permission and chose the pope (AKA can impeach pope)

Sigismund

emperor of the HRE who said had the power to convene bishops to choose the real pope and he did cancelling the Rome, avingnon, and the

council of pisa

bishops from avingnon and Rome came together to elect a third pope in pisa. Failed to stop the schism

How does the church rebrand?

goes back to glory to God thru painting and stuff with backing artists. build great cathedrals and stuff

Jan Hus

convicted of heresy at the Council of Constance after he refused to recant his criticisms of the Catholic Church, including its practice of selling indulgences and abuses of power, despite promises of safe-conduct to the council

what starts the hundred years war

edward 3 of england claims France is his and launches attack when french kind Philip 4th says no.

French Aristocracy

supported edward 3rd and flopped to Philip depending on who would give lower taxes and more favors

3rd phase of 100 years war

henry V looks like he’s going to rule over ½ of France. Where Agincourt takes place. Joan of Arc appears and ends up driving English out.

Medici family

a powerful and wealthy Italian dynasty that ruled Florence and Tuscany for over 300 years, from the 15th to the 18th century. got deposed for 20 years but came back. Ruled bc they had all the money

Renaissance art gradually

gets braver, with new materials and breakthrus in art and math. Stories branch out from bible into ancient Rome and greece

humanism emerges

roman political structure, greek classics and philosophy, early christian morality, gentry class (middle class) and population is back to pre-plague.

Petrarch

father of Renaissance and wrote sonnets and revealed the conflict btw flesh and blood with spirit. Wrote that we shouldn’t always be this crazy pious person but that we should indulge reasonably.

Christine de Pizan

educated and makes the case for why women should get educated. Writes many books in 1400s and rejected the idea that women are evil and stupid. Argued women could be as virtuous as men

Pico Della Mirandola

studided poetry and philosophy. looked for truth outside of scripture

Italian merchants

modern day capitalists, they had as much power as nobles and tgt they arranged marriage.

italian cities

were urban, literate, city-states and had republics or princes

Christian humanism

Northern Renaissance movement focused on combining classical learning with Christian piety to reform the Church and society from within