Geometry, Negative Numbers, Algebra, Translation, Rotation, and Reflection

Basic Geometric object

Simple shapes like points, lines, and circles

Transversal Line

Lines that intersect two or more other lines at distinct points and lines that never intersect

Negative numbers

Numbers less than zero

Algebra

Mathematical study of symbols and the rules for manipulating those symbols

Measuring angles

Determining the size of an angle in degrees

Finding angles at a point

Identifying angles that share a common vertex and form a straight line

Circles and constructions

Circular shapes and techniques for creating geometric figures

Substituting integers

Replacing variables or unknown values with specific integer values

Introducing the number plane

Introduction to the coordinate plane and its use in graphing

Spatial patterns

Patterns that exist in physical space or in the arrangement of objects

Tables and rules

Organized data and the relationships or patterns that can be derived from it

The number plane and graphs

The coordinate plane and graphical representation of data

Equivalent expressions

Different algebraic expressions that represent the same value

Like terms

Terms in an algebraic expression that have the same variables and exponents

Multiplying and dividing expressions

Performing arithmetic operations with algebraic expressions

Expanding brackets

Distributing and simplifying algebraic expressions by multiplying terms within brackets

Algebraic modelling

Using algebraic equations to represent and solve real-world problems

Equations

Mathematical statements that assert the equality of two expressions

Polygons, solids & Transformations

Two-dimensional shapes, three-dimensional objects, and operations that change their position or shape

Probability

The likelihood or chance of an event occurring

Solving equations by inspection

Finding the value(s) of the variable(s) in an equation through observation or estimation

Equivalent equations

Different equations that have the same solution(s)

Solving equations algebraically

Using algebraic methods to find the solution(s) of an equation

Equations with fractions

Equations that involve fractional values

Equations with brackets

Equations containing brackets or parentheses

Using formulas

Applying mathematical formulas to solve problems

Applications of equations

Practical uses of equations in various contexts

Polygons

Closed two-dimensional shapes with straight sides

Triangles

Three-sided polygons

Constructing triangles

Creating triangles using specific measurements or properties

Angle sum of a triangle

The total measure of the interior angles of a triangle

Quadrilaterals

Four-sided polygons

Angle sum of a quadrilateral

The total measure of the interior angles of a quadrilateral

Symmetry

A property of shapes that can be divided into two equal halves

Reflection and rotation

Transformations that change the position or orientation of a shape

Translation

A transformation that moves a shape without changing its size or shape

Drawing solids

Creating three-dimensional objects on paper or using computer software

Nets and platonic solids

Two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional objects and specific types of regular solids

Describing chance

Explaining the likelihood of an event occurring

Theoretical Probability

The probability of an event based on mathematical calculations or reasoning

Experimental Probability

The probability of an event based on actual observations or experiments

Axis of Symmetry

A line that divides a shape into two equal parts, acting as a mirror line.

Rotation

The turning of an object through an angle about a fixed point, the center of rotation.

Congruent Transformation

A transformation process that does not change the shape or size of an object.

Clockwise

The direction in which the hands of a clock move.

Anticlockwise

A spin in the opposite direction of the clockwise movement.

Rotational Symmetry

When a shape repeats itself more than once in a full turn.

Order of Rotational Symmetry

The number of times a shape is repeated in a full turn.

No Rotational Symmetry

A shape that does not match itself until it has been turned through a full rotation.

Translation

Moving a shape to another position without turning or flipping it.

Congruent

When the original shape and the image of a translation are identical.

Shift

A movement of an object left, right, up, or down during a translation.

Orientation

The position or direction of a shape, which remains unchanged during a translation.