Sociology 202- Exam 3单词卡 | Quizlet

While there is no question that genetic inheritance shapes the demography of health,

a.) research remains unclear about whether social context is a significant contributor to health

b.) social context always matters more

c.) geneticists continue to deny the legitimacy of epigenetics as a field of study

d.) it is also true that social context always matters

d.) it is also true that social context always matters

The study of how genes function in the biological system is called

a.) eugenics

b.) health demography

c.) genetics

d.) epigenetics

c.) genetics

In every society, ____________, on average, live longer than ___________.

a.) the poor, the rich

b.) men, women

c.) the poorly educated, the well-educated

d.) women, men

d.) women, men

People in ___________ nations live, on average, more than 30 years longer than people in ___________ nations.

a.) poor, rich

b.) highly unequal, relatively equal

c.) hot, cold

d.) rich, poor

d.) rich, poor

In general, people in nations marked by ___________ have shorter life expectancies.

a.) high levels of education

b.) violent conflict

c.) robust democratic institutions

d.) accessible social services

b.) violent conflict

The goal of patients with chronic disease is typically

a.) full recovery

b.) management, not cure

c.) pain relief but not symptom management

d.) cure (and end to the disease) but not full recovery

b.) management, not cure

Which of the following is an example of a medical risk?

a.) Having a parent who died in war

b.) Having a parent who died of breast cancer

c.) Having a parent who died in war

d.) Having a parent who died in an auto accident

b.) Having a parent who died of breast cancer

Which of the following statements about disease is accurate?

a.) The labeling of something as a disease is always performed by disinterested scientists who have no financial motivation for this choice.

b.) What is considered a disease is consistent from culture to culture.

c.) The physical condition labeled as "diseased" is stable within a culture, even though they vary across cultures.

d.) What is considered a disease varies from culture to culture.

d.) What is considered a disease varies from culture to culture.

Why might a physician choose to achieve cultural competence?

a.) Because it is required to pass the medical board exams, which are a necessary step in becoming a physician

b.) Because it is required in order to achieve entrance into medical school

c.) To serve patients with respect

d.) Because they can bill insurance at a higher rate if they are culturally competent

c.) To serve patients with respect

In the U.S., the average age of people is

a.) decreasing as people die younger

b.) staying the same because life expectancy is not changing

c.) staying the same because people are dying younger but fewer babies are being born

d.) increasing as people live longer

d.) increasing as people live longer

Which of the following statements about the place of physicians in U.S. society is NOT accurate?

a.) Social trust in physicians has declined, in general, as more information and misinformation about health has become broadly available online.

b.) Physicians are among the best-paid, most influential, and most well-educated groups of professionals in the U.S.

c.) Physicians have always been among the most respected professionals in American society.

d.) Physicians were not well respected until the early 1900s, in part because their training was not standardized and so many doctors practiced medicine dangerously.

c.) Physicians have always been among the most respected professionals in American society.

A mammogram (a scan of the breasts) recently revealed that Lorraine has a small breast lump. She will have to return for further testing to determine if it is benign (harmless) or malignant (cancerous and dangerous). When she calls to tell her elderly mother the news, her mother responds by saying, "I told you that you eat too much sugar and refined carbohydrates!" In attempting to blame Lorraine's diet for her possible disease, Lorraine's mother is trying to

a.) stigmatize her daughter

b.) force her daughter into the sick role

c.) label her daughter as disabled

d.) medicalize Lorraine's breast lump

a.) stigmatize her daughter

Which of the following is NOT a common reason why people reject the sick role?

a.) They wish to remain ill or see their condition worsen.

b.) They use home remedies because they rely on tradition more than medical authority.

c.) They are suspicious of mainstream medical advice.

d.) They fear being mistreated by doctors and so aggressively advocate for treatments of their own choosing.

a.) They wish to remain ill or see their condition worsen.

While the medical model of disability sees certain bodies as defective, a sociological model

a.) desires to end the disability through genetic testing and abortion

b.) says that medicine could "fix" all disabilities if only all people had access to it

c.) ignores bodily differences because calling attention to them is hurtful

d.) argues that social, economic, and environmental factors—like whether a society makes it possible for people who use wheelchairs to be mobile in the public sphere—are part of the creation of a disability

d.) argues that social, economic, and environmental factors—like whether a society makes it possible for people who use wheelchairs to be mobile in the public sphere—are part of the creation of a disability

The social response to illness that attempts to identify, prevent, and cure disease is termed

a.) institutionalization

b.) health demography

c.) medicine

d.) medicalization

c.) medicine

Genetic testing is

a.) only available through government-run agencies

b.) only available through physicians' offices

c.) available through private companies

d.) only available for medically necessary reasons

c.) available through private companies

While visiting your favorite restaurant, you notice a sign in the restroom that says, "Handwashing prevents the spread of disease." It then illustrates the steps of careful handwashing, including using soap and hot water, washing between fingers and under rings, and rinsing thoroughly and drying hands on a disposable paper towel. This sign is an example of

a.) health demography

b.) epidemiology

c.) public health education

d.) palliative care

c.) public health education

Epidemiology studies

a.) how to communicate health information to the public effectively

b.) the social dimensions of disease patterns to discover how diseases spread

c.) the reasons why people resist acting in their own best health interests

d.) the biological evolution of the germs that cause diseases to become resistant to known treatments

b.) the social dimensions of disease patterns to discover how diseases spread

Efforts to keep the entire population healthy are termed

a.) epidemiology

b.) palliative care

c.) national healthcare

d.) public health

d.) public health

______________ focuses on ending a disease in a person's life and supporting their recovery to their pre-disease state, while ________________ seeks to stop a disease from occurring in the first place and _______ provides pain relief and psychological and social support for a person suffering from a disease.

a.) Curative medical care, preventative medical care, palliative medical care

b.) Preventative medical care, palliative medical care, curative medical care

c.) Palliative medical care, preventative medical care, curative medical care

d.) Palliative medical care, curative medical care, preventative medical care

a.) Curative medical care, preventative medical care, palliative medical care

complicit masculinity

refers to a form of masculinity where an individual may not meet all the requirements of hegemonic masculinity but still benefits from the gender order in which they are viewed as masculine.

compulsory heterosexuality

sexual desire between males and females

Division of labor

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

emphasized femininity

where women perform in stereotypically feminine ways that conform to a patriarchal gender order

feminine

Characteristic of woman or womankind.

gender

refers to socially constructed roles for women and men that define expected behaviors for individuals of each sex

gender cue

gender dysphoria

gender order

the way gender organizes, or orders, all of social life

gender performance

emphasize that performing social roles reproduces not only the gender roles themselves but also the widespread "common sense" that the current institutional arrangement of gender is natural, inevitable, and therefore morally justified

Gender script

directs parents to display the sex status of their baby

gender socialization

individuals learn how to occupy the gender roles considered appropriate to their sex status.

Gender stereotypes

Hegemonic masculinity

Hegemony

the strategies that dominant groups use to maintain their power while making their views seem like "common sense" to the rest of the population

Heteronormative

Heterosexuality

Hierarchy of Masculinities

Horizontal occupational segregation

Intersex

Male breadwinner

Masculine

Moral order

Multicultural marketing

Patriarchy

Pink-Collar jobs

primary sexual characteristics

organs required for physical reproduction

Queer

Second shift

Second Wave Feminism

Secondary sex characteristics

features that emerge at puberty (such as body hair and breasts)

Separate spheres

sex

transgender people

Vertical occupational segregation

Workplace sexual harassment