Drug Names and Classes Semester 2

-cillin

penicillin antibiotic

-floxacin

Fluoroquinolone

cef-, ceph-

Cephalosporins

-cycline

Tetracyclines

-mycin

Macrolides

-azole

Antifungal

-pam/-lam

Benzodiazepine

-ine

SNRI/SSRI

-triptan

Serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonist

Mirapex

pramipexole 1

This drug has an indication for Parkinson's disease.

pramipexole 2

Requip

ropinirole 1

What other medication is used for Parkinson's disease?

ropinirole 2

Provigil

modafinil 1

This drug has an indication for narcolepsy.

modafinil 2

What controlled substance schedule is modafinil?

C-IV

modafinil/Provigil is also considered a…

Stimulant

Depakote

divalproex sodium 1

What medication is used for Seizure/Bipolar/Migraine?

divalproex sodium 2

Dilantin

phenytoin 1

What medication is used for Seizure?

phenytoin 2

Define narrow therapeutic index -

blood levels that are too low can lead to therapeutic failure or blood levels that are too high can lead to adverse drug effects that are life threatening.

Toxicities for this drug include nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech, and possibly death.

phenytoin 3

Keppra

levetiracetam

Lamictal

lamotrigine

Topamax

topiramate

This drug is useful in migraine prophylaxis.

Topamax/topiramate

Trileptal

oxcarbazepine

Lyrica

pregabalin

What controlled substance schedule is pregabalin?

C-V

Neurontin

gabapentin

What is Neurontin used for?

Neuropathic pain/Seizure

This medication used for seizure control was found to useful in neuropathic pain.

Neurontin

-olol

Beta-blocker

Toprol XL

metoprolol succinate

Bystolic

nebivolol

Coreg, Coreg CR

carvedilol

Lopressor

metoprolol tartrate

Tenormin

atenolol

Atenolol should be avoid being used in patients with this condition?

Asthma

ADRs of beta blockers:

Bradycardia, shortness of breath, hypoglycemia (use with caution in diabetics), heart block, Raynaud's phenomenon, not recommended for asthmatics if avoidable due to possible bronchospasms.

What is Raynaud's Phenomenon?

A disorder causing blood vessels in the finger and the toes to narrow (vasospasm) in response to cold or stress, limiting blood flow and turning the skin white, then blue, then red as blood returns, often with pain or tingling

Dyazide, Maxzide

triamterene/ hydrochlorothiazide

patient counseling for signs of photosensitivity -

patients may find that their eyes are more sensitive to sunlight or that their skin is more likely to sunburn

Avoid alcohol with all diuretics due to increased risk of dehydration. 

All diuretics cause an increase in urination.  It is recommended to take diuretics earlier in the day due to the increased urine output.

Aldactone

spironolactone

What is the drug classification for Aldactone/spironolactone?

K-Sparing diuretics

Microzide

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

-mide/nide

Loop diuretic

Lasix

furosemide

Lasix/furosemide can cause-

photosensitivity

Potassium supplementation is usually needed due to-

increased risk of hypokalemia when taking loop diuretics

Diuretics can cause this adverse drug reaction with regards to potassium.

Hypokalemia

-pril

ACE-Inhibitor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme)

Altace

ramipril

Vasotec

enalapril

Zestril & Prinivil

lisinopril

Lotensin

benazepril

Accupril

quinapril

Dry cough and cardiac edema can commonly be caused by this drug class.

ACE-Inhibitor

With regards to potassium, what side effect can ACE-I's cause?

Hyperkalemia

NSAID's decrease effectiveness of ACE-I's.

These drugs Relax veins and arteries to decrease BP. Preferred for renal patients and especially for diabetic patients

-sartan

ARB's (Angiotensin receptor blockers)

Avapro

irbesartan

Benicar

olmesartan

Cozaar

losartan

Diovan

valsartan

Micardis

telmisartan

What is the alternative drug class to ACE inhibitors that does not cause dry cough?

ARB's drug class does not cause the dry cough associated with ACE-I's because it does not cause the buildup of bradykinin. This drug class is a good alternative for patients that cannot tolerated ACE-I's.

-dipine

CCB - dihydropyridines; be able to recognize which CCB's are dihydropyridines

Norvasc

amlodipine

Sular

nisoldipine

Procardia, Procardia XL

NIFedipine

Cardizem

diltiazem 1

Dilacor XR

diltiazem 2

Calan, Calan SR

verapamil 1

Verelan

verapamil 2

CCB -

nondihydropyridines; be able to recognize which drugs are non-dihydropyridines

Dihydropyridines

they are more potent vasodilators compared to non-dihydropyridines

Non-dihydropyridines

Have a more negative chronotropic effect compared to dihydropyridines