BIOL215 Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation Exam 1

What are the 4 layers that are composed of Tunica Intima

1. Endothelium

2. Basement Membrane

3. Lamina Propria

4. Internal elastic Membrane

What arteries are closest to the heart?

Elastic or Conducting Arteries

What is the smallest artery where three tunics can be differentitated

Arterioles

What is the only site of exchange between blood and intersitial spaces

Capillaries

What are pericapillary cells?

scattered cells associated with endothelial cells

How do substances move through capillaries?

diffusion

Where are continous capillaries located?

Located in muscle and nervous tissue

Where are fenstrated capillaries located?

intestinal villi, ciliary process of eyes, choroid plexus of CNS, glomeruli of kidneys

Where are Sinusoid capillaries located?

Endocrine glands, liver, bone marrow, and spleen

What do venules drain?

Drain Capillary networks

What do Portal veins connect?

Connect Capillary Networks

What do Hepatic Portal Veins carry and to where?

Nutrients and toxinsfrom the stomach, intestines, spleen, to the liver

What is the name when the sound first appears in a pressure cuff?

Systolic

What is the name when the sound disappears in a pressure cuff?

Diastolic

Laplace's Law explains that the force acting on a blood vessel wall is _____ to the ______ of the vessel times _____ ______

Proportional ,

Diameter

Blood Pressure

A bulge that forms ina weakened part of a vessel wall is known as a

Aneurysm

The tendency for blood vessel vol. to increase as BP increases is known as

Vascular Compliance

What has the highest cross-sectional area? Does it have Low or High velocity?

Capillaries, Low velocity.

What has the lowest cross-sectional area? Does it have high or low velocity?

Aorta, High velocity

When the diameter of vessesl decrease, what happens to the total cross-sectional area?

Total cross-sectional area increases

As the cross-sectional area increases, what happens to the velocity of blood flow?

Velocity of Blood Flow decreases

What is the area of one vessel mutliplied by the # of vessels of that type called?

Cross-sectional Area

How do substances move through capillaries?

Capillary exchanges substances by diffusing through the plasma membrane

What is the movement of fluid from capillaries affected by?

1. Blood pressure

2. Capillary premeability

3. Osmosis

What two pressures affect the Net Filtration Pressure?

1. Osmotic Pressure

2. Hydrostatic Pressure

What is Hydrostatic Pressure?

Shear force and weight of blood on the vessels

What does high hydrostatic pressure do to fluid in capillaries?

The high pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries

What are the two types of Hydrostatic Pressure

1. capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc)

2. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif)

What is the CHP (Capillary hydrostatic pressure)?

pressure within the capillary

What is the IHP (Intersitial fluid hydrostatic pressure)

pressure around the capillaries

What is Osmotic Pressure?

Movement of fluid through a memebrane

What are the two subtypes of osmotic pressure

1. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

2. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (ICOP)

Which subtype is contributed by solutes in the blood?

BCOP (Blood colloid osmotic pressure)

What subtype is contributed by solutes in the intersitital space?

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (ICOP)