henry VII and Richard III

when did edward iv die?

edward iv dies in april 1483

who was names lord protector of edward v?

Richard III

what did Richard III say about Edward IV marriage?

declared his marriage wsa invalid (children illegitimate aka Edward V)

what did parliament pass that declared edward iv illegitimate?

titulus regius (1484)

what is titulus regious

which was a momentous legal document and statute passed by the Parliament of England in January 1484 to secure the throne for King Richard III.

when was Richard III crowned?

July 1483

what damaged his reign from the beginning?>

usurpation

what is usurpation

the taking of a position of power or importance unlawfully or by force.

what were strengths in Richard III legitimacy?

• experienced military commander

• strong northern power base

• effective administrator under Edward IV

• parliament of 1484 passed popular legal reforms (limited corruption)

what were weaknesses in Richard III legitimacy?

• suspicion over the princes in the tower (edward iv children)

• hastings execution alarmed elites

• limited southern support

• buckinghams rebellion 1483

what was buckinghams rebellion?

To overthrow Richard III and install Henry Tudor (the future King Henry VII), who was in exile in Brittany. Buckingham's Rebellion in October 1483 was a failed uprising led by Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, against King Richard III of England. It was a major, albeit unsuccessful, attempt to depose Richard shortly after his coronation, fueled by outrage over the suspected murder of the "Princes in the Tower" and supported by Tudor loyalists.

• showed fragility in the regime

• former ally went against him

why did buckinghams rebellion happen

• legitimacy crisis, richard declared edward iv children illegitimate

• suspicion of princes in the tower

• many yorkists uncomfy with usurpation

• possible land dispute

• southern discontent due to clear nothern favouritism. alienation of former ed iv loyalists

• rebels invited henry tudor to invase + marry elizabeth of york

failed due to poor weather and lack of communication between the rebelsl. richard III aslso acted quickly and raised armies efficiently, offering rewards for loyalty

what was his control over nobility like?

• relied heavily on northern supporters

• promoted loyal supporters

what were the problems with control over nobility

• over reliance on small circle

• alienated some yorkists

• failed to build broad national base of support / control

what happened in 1485 and the invasion of Henry Tudor (Henry VII)

At the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485, the Stanley family (Thomas, Lord Stanley, and his brother Sir William) betrayed King Richard III by intervening on behalf of Henry Tudor. After waiting to see which side would win, the Stanley forces attacked Richard’s army when he charged toward Henry, leading to the King's death

• richard III killed at the battle of bosworth 1485

• richard had larger army 10-12000

• henry tudor had 5-8000

• stanleys were indesicive and held back

• richard charged directly at henry so stanleys intervened

• northumberland failed to engage for richard, many yorkists were unwilling to fully commit

• showed richard lacked any real secure nobility loyalty

how did Henry VII secure his claim?

• won the throne at bosworth in 1485

• backdated his reign to make richards supporters traitors

• married elizabeth of york 1486

what were the threats to henry VII claim

• lovell rebellion (1486)

• lambert simnel (1487) - battle of stoke

• perkin warbeck (1491-99)

what was the lovell rebellion

The Stafford and Lovell rebellion was a failed 1486 uprising against King Henry VII, marking the first major armed challenge to the newly established Tudor dynasty after the Battle of Bosworth. Led by Francis Lovell and the Stafford brothers, it aimed to overthrow Henry VII and restore the House of York.

This uprising showed lingering, albeit weak, support for the House of York immediately following the Wars of the Roses. It also demonstrated Henry VII's ability to act decisively to secure his crown.

what was the battle of east stoke?

• lambert simmnel claims to be the earl of warwick

• backed by john de la pole (yorkist claimant), margaret of burgundy, german and irish troops

• noble leadership, foreign support, alternative yorkist king crowned in dublin. de la pole had stronger claim by blood than henry

outcome:

• royal victory, john de la pole executed, lambert simmnel spared

• most serious early threat

• destroyed leading yorkist challengers

• strengthened henrys authority

what was the perkin warbeck rebellion?

The Perkin Warbeck rebellion (1491–1499) was a series of failed plots by a pretender named Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard, Duke of York—one of the "Princes in the Tower". Supported by foreign rulers including Margaret of Burgundy and James IV of Scotland, Warbeck sought to overthrow King Henry VII and seize the English throne, presenting a major, long-term challenge to the Tudor dynasty.

End of the Rebellion: Captured in 1497, he was initially treated well at court but was executed in 1499 after trying to escape.

The rebellion, which was part of the ongoing instability following the Wars of the Roses, failed to gain widespread support within England.

what was the cornish rebellion 1497?

• tax to fund war against scotland

• cornwall economically weakregion felt irrelivent to war

• 15000 rebels marched to london

• reached blackheath

• defeated by royal forces

• largest popular rebellion of reign

• showed regional resentment

• lacked noble backing

what control did Henry VII have

• act of attainder

• bonds and recognisances

• used financial pressure not just loyalty

what was acts of attainder

Under English law the act of attainder declared a person or a group of persons guilty of a serious crime and punished them without the benefit of a judicial trial. Also the person could no longer own property or pass property to his family by will or testament.

what were the finances and government like under henry vii

• crown lands income increased

• fuedal clues exploited

• increased role of JPs

• reduced reliance on over mighty magnates

• unpopoular taxation

• yorkshire rebellion1489

• cornish rebellion 1497

what was the yorkshire rebellion

• due to tax to fund war against france

• resistance to paying southern war taxes

• regional tax protest, murder of earl of northumberland, no pretender, no noble coordination

• quickly repressed, henry avoided harsh repisals

• showed limits of taxation power

• not a serious dynastic threat

what was henry vii foreign policy like?

medina del campo (spain)

etaples (france)

burgundy?

what was the medina del campo?

a crucial diplomatic alliance between King Henry VII of England and the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, solidifying Tudor power after the Wars of the Roses. It arranged the marriage of Arthur Tudor to Catherine of Aragon, reduced trade tariffs, and established a joint front against France