Fetal Echocardiography: Congenital Heart Disease

These flashcards encompass critical concepts regarding congenital heart disease as covered in the lecture on Fetal Echocardiography.

What is levocardia in cardiac malposition?

Normal position of the heart in the left chest.

What does dextrocardia refer to?

A condition where the heart is located in the right chest with the apex pointed to the right thorax.

What is cardiomyopathy?

A disease of the myocardium characterized by dilated chambers and thinning of myocardial walls.

What indicates a pericardial effusion?

An abnormal collection of fluid surrounding the epicardial layer of the heart.

What are the three common forms of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)?

Ostium secundum, ostium primum (associated with Down syndrome), and sinus venosus.

What is the most common congenital lesion of the heart?

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD).

What characterizes incomplete atrioventricular septal defect?

Failure of the endocardial cushion to fuse.

What happens in tricuspid atresia?

There is an interruption of the growth of the tricuspid leaflet, causing failure of the right ventricle inflow to form.

What is Ebstein’s Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve?

Abnormal displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis.

What are the defects involved in Tetralogy of Fallot?

Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), dextroposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

What condition describes the small hypertrophied left ventricle with aortic or mitral dysplasia?

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

What occurs during a transposition of the great arteries?

The aorta is connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle, causing inadequate mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

What is Ectopic Cordis?

A heart lesion resulting from abnormal development of the primitive heart outside the embryonic disk, associated with several deformities and poor prognosis.

What defines a single ventricle in cardiac anatomy?

A condition with two atria but only one ventricular chamber.

What is the normal fetal heart rate?

Approximately 150 beats per minute, which may decelerate to 55 beats per minute under certain conditions.