APUSH Period 3

Join or Die

A political cartoon by Ben Franklin published in 1754, symbolizing the importance of colonial unity.

Albany Plan of Union

Proposed plan in 1754 for a unified colonial government, which was not fully adopted or implemented.

Seven Years War

Conflict from 1754 to 1763 that originated from territorial disputes over the Ohio River Valley.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Agreement that ended the Seven Years War, allowing British to displace French in North America.

Proclamation of 1763

British decree forbidding colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains in response to Pontiac's Rebellion.

Sugar Act (1764)

First British law to raise revenue through taxation on imported sugar and other goods.

Stamp Act (1765)

Act mandating the use of stamped paper for legal documents and commercial papers to raise revenue for British military.

Declaratory Act (1766)

Stated that British authority to tax was the same in America as in Britain, reaffirming British control over colonies.

Townshend Acts

Series of acts imposing duties on imported goods in America, leading to colonial protests and boycotts.

Boston Massacre (1770)

Incident where British soldiers shot into a crowd of colonists, killing five and fueling anti-British sentiment.

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Colonial protest against British tea taxes, where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.

Intolerable Acts (1774)

Punitive laws passed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party, aimed at restricting colonial autonomy.

First Continental Congress (1774)

Meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies convened to respond to the Intolerable Acts.

Shot Heard Round the World (1775)

Term describing the first shots fired at Lexington, marking the start of the American Revolution.

Common Sense (1776)

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence and the creation of a democratic republic.

Declaration of Independence (1776)

Document asserting the colonies' separation from Britain, highlighting unalienable rights and grievances.

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Turning point battle in the American Revolution that led to French support for the colonies.

Articles of Confederation (1777)

First constitution of the United States, establishing a weak central government and limited federal power.

Winter at Valley Forge (1777-78)

Difficult winter experience for Washington's troops, leading to improved training under Baron von Steuben.

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

The final major battle of the American Revolution, resulting in British surrender and leading to peace negotiations.

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Legislation that established a method for admitting new states and prohibited slavery in the Northwestern Territory.

Shays’ Rebellion (1787)

Armed uprising of farmers protesting economic injustices, highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Federalist Papers (1787-88)

Collection of essays promoting the ratification of the U.S. Constitution written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay.

Ratification of the Constitution (1788)

Event that established a stronger federal government and addressed the concerns of anti-Federalists.

Hamilton’s Economic Plan (1790)

Series of measures to stabilize the American economy, including federal assumption of state debts and the creation of a national bank.

2-Party System (1792)

Political system emerging from disagreements between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans during the early republic.

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Riot by farmers against taxes on whiskey that tested the authority of the new national government.

Jay’s Treaty (1795)

Treaty resolving issues between the U.S. and Britain, including the withdrawal of British troops from American territory.

Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)

Presidential address warning against political parties and permanent foreign alliances.

XYZ Affair (1797)

Diplomatic incident that led to an undeclared war with France and heightened anti-French sentiment in America.

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Laws that restricted immigration and limited free speech, prompting responses from opposition leaders.