Gross anatomy of the brain

cortex

outer layer of the brain

lobe

large region of cortex; comprised of many gyri and sulci

lobule

subdivision of a lobe

area

more general term than lobe or lobule; comprised of 1 or more gyri

gyrus

ridge/hill

central sulcus

lateral sulcus

longitudinal fissure

precentral gyrus

precentral sulcus

superior frontal gyrus

superior frontal sulcus

middle frontal gyrus

inferior frontal sulcus

inferior frontal gyrus

3 part of inferior frontal gyrus

1. orbital part

2. traingular part

3. opercular part

orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus

triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus

opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus

frontal pole

image 28

post central gyrus

image 29

superior frontal gyrus

name the cortex

orbitofrontal cortex

function of the primary motor cortex

voluntary movement

funcqtion of the premotor and supplementary motor areas

initiation and planning of voluntary movement

function fo broca’s area

expressive language

broca’s aphasia

condition resulting from damage to Broca’s area in which a person has difficulty with expressive language

prefrontal cortex function

executive functions

postcentral gyrus

postcentral sulcus

superior parietal lobule

intraparietal sulcus

inferior parietal lobule

orange =

blue =

• supramarginal gyrus

• angular gyrus

image 30

postcentral gyrus

precuneus

superior parietal lobule

DONT LOOK AT WORDS CHEATER

parietooccipital sulcus

pirmary somatosensory cortex function

detection of somatosensory stimuli

wernicke’s area function

receptive language

wernickes aphasia

condition resulting from damage to wernickes area in which a person has difficulty comprehending language

remainder of parietal cortex function

spatial orientation and attention

superior temporal gyrus

superior temporal sulcus

middle temporal gyrus

inferior temporal sulcus

inferior temporal gyrus

temporal pole

image 31

inferior temporal gyrus

image 32

occipitotemporal (fusiform) sulcus

occiptiotemporal (fusiform) gyrus

collateral sulcus

lingual gyrus, anterior part

function of primary auditory cortex

detection of auditory stimuli

wernickes area function

receptive language

much of temporal lobe, esp inferior surface function

higher order visual processing

preoccipital notch

lateral occipital gyri

occipital pole

parietooccipital sulcus

cuneus

calcarine sulcus

lingual gyrus, posterior part

fusiform gyrus, posterior part

primary visual cortex function

detection of visual stimuli

visual association cortex function

higher-order visual processing

limbic lobe location

ring shaped lobe around corpus callosum and diencephalon

what structures make up the limbic system

limbic lobe combined with other interconnected structures

cingulate gyrus

cingulate sulcus

isthmus

parahippocampal gyrus

uncus

limbic lobe function

drive related behaviors and memory

structure of insula

lies within the depths of the lateral sulcus and can only be seen when the temporal lobe is pulled away

function of insula (3)

• interoception-awareness of the internal body (eg sensing heartbeat, stomach fullness)

• taste

• vestibular functions

insula

midbrain

pons

medulla

3 functions of brainstem

1. major role in cranial nerve function

2. life-sustaining functions

3. relay of info between cortex and spinal cord

cerebellum

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

temporal lobe

limbic lobe

vermis

cerebellum function

coordinating movements