Protein Synthesis, Protein Synthesis

transcription

the process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

translation

the process where genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome

mRNA

type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

tRNA

type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

codon

sequence of three bases on a strand of mRNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

complementary base pairing

In DNA, T pairs with A; G pairs with C;

RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

ribosome

organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA

amino acid

building block of protein

adenine

pairs with uracil in RNA

cytosine

pairs with guanine

nitrogenous bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracail

deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

ribose

sugar in RNA

nucleotide

consists of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

mRNA

Carries the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes where the proteins are assembled.

tRNA

type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

mRNA (diagram)

What is C? It takes the information in a gene from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

ribosome (diagram)

What is A? The site of protein synthesis. Where a specific amino acid sequence is assembled based on a mRNA code

tRNA (diagram)

What is A? Brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing amino acid chain.

codon (diagram)

What is A? A three base sequence on an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

anticodon (diagram)

What is A? A three base sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complimentary to a codon on an mRNA.

DNA (diagram)

What is A? Double stranded molecule that contains genes and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

the nucleus

the place where transcription takes place

ribosome in the cytoplasm

the place where translation takes place

Protein Synthesis

What process is shown in this diagram?

nuclear membrane