Evidences of Science and Technology during Pre-Historic Era (3000-5000 BC)

Fire

is considered humanity’s greatest discovery because it brought about transformative changes in how early humans lived, ate, and survived.

The Dawn of the First Civilization

Ancient humans made progress by inventing tools as science developed

Mud platter

when it was found, it lead to pottery & mud houses development

Pottery

was first known in Japan around 10000 BC.

Discovery

recognition and observation of new objects

Invention

man’s process when to their discoveries, observation & experiences are put together to make new ways or output that will help to solve human certain problems.

Stone Age

is an age where stone is widely used for tools from 3.4 million years ago. It’s divided into palaeolithic (early), mesolithic (middle), & neolithic (new).

Australopithecus & Paranthropus

They are the early humans who lives in this era. They were contemporaneous of the genus homo. The human in this era are food gatherer, & depended on hunting animals & fish and collecting wild fruits, nuts & berries for their sustenance.

In palaeolithic era, early humans developed 4 fundamental tool traditions:

Pebble tool, hand axe, flake tool, and blade tool

Pebble tool

a rounded stone with a few chips knocked off to create a cutting edge

Hand Axe

typically almond-shaped with two faces

flake tool

is a type of stone tool from the stone age, created by sticking a flake from larger stone core.

blade tool

a type of stone tool made by striking a long, narrow flake from a stone core.

In Early Stone Age, there is two most basic toolkits

Oldowan and Acheulean toolkit

Oldowan toolkit

it is the oldest stonetools, which consists of hammer stones & sharp flakes.

Acheulean toolkit

consist of cutting tools like hand axes

Middle Palaeolithic

Innovation speed up. Hand axes became more refined. The “prepared core” technique allowed for better flakes.

Prepared Core Technique

A method in which a core is carefully flaked on one side, so that a predetermined & shape could be produced in a single blow.

Mesolithic Period

Is a period on which Toolkits like spearpoints, darts, arrows, awls, needles, thread, skin clothing, harpoons & fishing were already developed.

Neolithic Period

was characterized by herding society, bronze smelting, agriculture, pottery & consumption of wild cereal grains.

Bronze Age

Beginning of mining and metallurgy. Use of bronze for tools and weapons. This period was a significant step due to the introduction of metalworking

Iron Age

Use of iron as the primary material. Changes in agriculture and lifestyle due to iron tools. This period brought widespread changes in lifestyle due to more efficient tool