practice exam questions

Fillers such as um, uhs, and like occur at the beginning and end of clauses and suggest that language is formulated by

in chunks

Grice’s conversational maxims are best described as

a set of principles for organizing pragmatics

Many of the world languages use a subject + verb + object (SVO) or subject + object + verb (SOV) sentence structure. This suggests that:

some sentence structures may be more easily learned

Providing adequate background information during conversation so your communication partner understands your message shows use of:

presupposition

Acoustic differences within a phonemic category are usually not perceived while acoustic differences between phonemic categories signal a change in phoneme. This provides evidence for:

Categorical perception

Respiration is best defined as:

a pressure change of oxygen/air between an organism and the environment

Subglottal pressure builds

below the adducted vocal folds

Pitch is how we perceive someone’s voice/vocal quality and is measured in:

hertz

Bernoulli effect states:

that airflow at a constriction increases in velocity

What are two tools clinicians can use to assess structure and function of a clients articulators?

Diadochokinesis (DDK) and oral mechanism examination

What is the first type of play to be displayed by children?

functional play

What is a component of the outside-in domain emergent literacy?

Narrative knowledge

A child with a mean length utterance of 3.5 would be in which of Brown’s stages?

Stage 4

what are predictors of literary success stated by the National Early Literacy Panel?

Invented spelling, phonemic awareness, and visual memory

Language becomes intentional during which stage of communication?

Illocutionary

ALS is a degnerative disease that attacks which neurons?

Upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons

This structure connects Broca’s and Wernickes area. A stroke to this structure would result in conduction aphasia

Arcuate fasciculus

What is the most common cause of a stroke?

Ischemic blockage

Which linguistic behaviors would expect from someone diagnosed with Wernicke’s aphasia

Neologisms, Jargon, verbose speech

Individuals with a TBI typically struggle with what aspect of their language?

Pragmatics

Constriction of the following locations lowers the frequency of the first formant

Constriction at the anterior oral cavity and in the pharynx

Sonority refers to the ____ of a sounds

relative loudness

Which consonants has the greatest intraoral pressure and breathing effort?

fricatives

Voice onset time is measured as the duration from the:

stop closure to the onset of voicing

What is considered the highest level of research?

Systematic meta-analysis of multiple well-designed randomized control trials

What is a reason to establish baseline function?

to identify strengths and needs and to determine starting point for intervention

Which tool of assessment compares performance to that of others and are psychometrically sound by having standard administration, a representative sample, reliability, and validity?

Norm-referenced assessments

What term refers to spreading out the number of trials allotted during therapy over a designated period of time?

Distributed practice

Which type of goal attack strategy is where you focus on all goal areas at the same time?

Horizontal

An articulation disorder is the incorrect production of speech sounds because a child:

is not moving an articulator in the correct direction or position, does not have precise timing and speed of movement of the articulators, and has difficulty coordinating the movements of the articulators

What is a risk factor that predisposes a person for a stroke?

High-sodium diet

What is a general receptive language ability that is typically addressed in therapy with individuals who have aphasia?

answering simple to complex questions, answering questions about spoken discourse, and following simple to complex spoken directions

What is the most common physical impairment?

hearing loss

Auditory processing of sounds for auditory comprehension and language processing occurs in the:

temporal lobes

What are the 3 characteristics we use to classify consonant production when we describe phonemes?

Voice, place, manner

“Bilabial” refers to:

place of articulation

What is a voiced velar stop?

/g/

the following definition best describes which type of hearing device: “bypasses the outer and middle ear to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve”?

cochlear implant

The following definition best describes which type of hearing device: “consist of of basic parts: microphone, amplifier, digital computer chip, and receiver.”

Receiver in the canal hearing aid

What is an etiology for a sensorineural hearing loss that requires immediate referral to a physician for evaluation and possible treatment?

Sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss

What type of hearing loss is the best match for the following definition: “air conduction abnormal, bone conduction abnormal, evidence of air-bone gaps”

Mixed hearing loss

The following definition best describes which of the anatomic structures of the central auditory nervous system? “located in the midbrain; plays a large role in coding binaural information, projections to the medial geniculate body.”

inferior colliculus

The following definition best describes which of the anatomic structures of the central auditory nervous system? “largest fiber tract in the auditory brainstem; plays a large role in coding binaural information”

Lateral lemniscus

The following definition best describes which of the anatomic structures of the central auditory nervous system? “located in the transverse temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe (telencephalon); first structure in the brain to receive auditory information; processes mostly auditory information from the contralateral ear”

Primary auditory cortex

the following definition best describes which pf the following acoustic principles? “indicates a particular stage in the cycle of motion using the angles from a circle as the unit of measure”

Phase

the following definition best describes what acoustic principle? “the time required for the completion of one cycle of a periodic motion”

period