domains of life (NO CHARACTERISTICS OF KINGDOMS)

phylogeny

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

how does phylogeny classigy organisms

based on shared ancestry

how do scientists if organisms have common ancestors

• structural features (skeleton, body shape)

• biochemical evidence (proteins enzymes)

• genetic evidence

how do scienctists use dna/genetic evidence to see if organisms have common ancestors

• closely related species have more similar dna sequences

• dna evidence is the most reliable because its not influenced by environmental factors

• organisms that are more closely related will have more similarities in the sequence of their dna

importance of phylogeny

• reflects evolutionary history

• more accurate than classification based on appearance

• helps scientists understand how species evolved and how closely related they are

phylogenetic trees

• branched diagram representing evolutionary relationships among organisms

use of phylogenic tree

shows how a species or other group evolved from a shared ancestor

what does the root of a phylogenetic tree show

represents common ancestor of all organisms in the tree

what do branches on a phylogenetic tree rep

number of ancestors evolved from a root or node

whats a node in a phylogenetic tree

(branch point) point where branch splits into two or more lineages (species with the most recent node are more closely related)

species less related have what in the phylogenetic tree

common ancestor further to the left/back in time

how do i know if a species has gone extinct

if the group doesnt reach present day

whats a clade

group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and ALL of its descendents

whats a taxon

any named group of organisms at any level of classification

whats a species

group of organisms that can interbeed to produce fertile offspring

what are the three domains

bacteria, eukarya and archaea

bacteria kingdom(s)

eubacteria

eukarya kingdom(s)

animal

protist

plant

fungi

archaea kingdom(s)

archae

taxonomy

study of classifying organisms based on shared characteristics

classification

organisms are arranged into groups based on similarities and differences

whats the benefit of classifying an organism in greater detail

allows scientists to understand them more precisely and understand their relationships

importance of classification in bio

• allows scientist to understand evolutionary relationships

• enables scientists to study and compare organisms with ease

• worldwide scientists can communicate clearly using common system