10 - Biology unit 1 Anatomy and Physiology

Squamous

flat cell

Epithelium

occurs as sheets of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities (same as epithelial tissue)

Simple

one cell layer thick

Gross anatomy

anatomy that can be seen with the naked eye (e.g. femur, heart)

Histology

the study of microscopic anatomy (the fancy name)

Tissue (2)

* a group of many similar cells that perform a specific function
* there are four types of tissue

Cells (4)

* cell is the basic unit of life
* all living things on earth are made of cells
* nothing smaller than a cell is alive
* e.g. red blood cell, neuron

Epithelial Tissue

occurs as sheets of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities (same as epithelium)

Cuboidal

cube-shaped cell

Columnar

column-shaped cell

Stratified

many cell layers thick

Physiology

the study of how the parts of the body work

Microscopic Anatomy

anatomy that requires a microscope to be seen (e.g. capillaries)

Anatomy

the study of the parts of an organism and how they are linked to one another

5 structural levels of the body

cell, tissue, organ, organ system & organism

4 types of Epithelial tissue

Simple Squamous Epithelium, Simple Cuboidal Epithelium, Simple Columnar Epithelium & Stratified Squamous Epithelium

4 types of Connective Tissue

Loose Connective tissue, Adipose tissue (fat tissue), Blood & Bone

Connective Tissue

a type of tissue in which cells are **not** tightly packed together

3 types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle & Smooth Muscle

bones (1)

* give structure to the body

blood (2)

* carries substances around the body
* e.g. oxygen and nutrients

Adipose tissue (3)

* fat tissue
* stores energy
* provides insulation

loose connective tissue (1)

* connects skin to underlying tissue (muscle or bone)

skeletal muscle (5)

* fatigues
* striated(has microscopic light and dark bands)
* it is attached to our bones
* when it contracts it produces all of our gross (big) movements
* e.g. biceps, abdominal muscle

cardiac muscle (3)

* striated(has microscopic light and dark bands)
* most of the heart is made up of cardiac muscle
* doesnt fatigue

muscle tissue (2)

* consists of muscles that are able to contract (shorten) to produce all types of movement 
* muscle tissue consist of muscle fibers (muscle cells), long cells that are found in bundles

4 types of tissue

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue & nervous tissue

where is each type of epithelium found?

simple squamous - lines alveoli

simple cuboidal - tube in the kidney

simple columnar - intestines

stratified squamous - skin, esophagus

2 types of anatomy

gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy

smooth muscle (2)

* doesn't have bands
* found in the wall of the digestive system and in the wall of our arteries and veins 

Nervous tissue

* forms the brain, spinal cord and nerves
* used as a communication system within the body
* signals are transmitted very rapidly within nerve cells (neurons)

Neuron (4)

* made of 5 parts
* aka nerve cells
* look very different from other cells
* they have long extensions that allow the to send messages over long distances

organ

a group of tissues that work together to perform a function

Organ system

* a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function (or functions)
* 8 systems

name the tissue

stratified squamous epithelial tissue (pic)

name the tissue

simple columnar epithelial tissue (pic)

name the tissue

simple squamous epithelial tissue (pic)

name the tissue

simple columnar epithelial tissue (pic)

draw and label a neuron

name the tissue

smooth muscle (pic)

name the tissue

skeletal muscle (pic)

name the tissue

cardiac muscle (pic)

name the tissue

nervous tissue (pic)

name the tissue

loose connective tissue (pic)

Digestive System (2)

* stomach and intestines
* breaks down food and absorbs it into the blood

Circulatory System (2)

* heart, arteries, veins
* transports substances throughout the body

Respiratory System (2)

* trachea, lungs
* exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air outside the body and cells

Excretory System (2)

* kidneys, bladder
* filters wastes out of the blood

Reproductive System (2)

* ovaries, fallopian tube, testes
* reproduction 

Excretory System (2)

* kidneys, bladder
* filters waste out of the blood

Musculoskeletal System (2)

* muscles, bones
* movement of the body

Nervous System (2)

* brain, spinal cord, nerves
* rapid communication within the body, storage of memories 

Endocrine System (2)

* Pancreas, Testes
* produce hormones which act as chemical messengers in the body

name this tissue

bone (pic)

name the tissue

blood (pic)