bp volatility solubility

what IMF do alkanes have

only London Forces - more electrons = stronger london forces = increasing bp

how does branching impact alkane bp

Less branching results in higher boiling points due to closer packing, more surface area, and stronger London forces.

Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes?

Alcohols have the functional group -OH, which enables hydrogen bonding, a stronger intermolecular force than the London forces in alkanes.

What does volatility describe?

Volatility describes how readily a substance vaporizes.

How do intermolecular forces affect volatility?

The weaker the intermolecular forces, the more volatile the substance.

Compare the volatility of C3H8C_3H_8C3​H8​ and C2H6C_2H_6C2​H6​.

C2​H6​ is more volatile because it has fewer electrons and weaker London forces.

What conditions must be met for something to dissolve?

(what happens to the particles)

Particles must be separated from each other and surrounded by solvent particles.

What is required for the forces of attraction in solubility?

The attraction between solvent and solute must be strong enough to overcome the attractions between solute particles and solvent particles.

What is the rule for solubility?

"Like dissolves like" — polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes.